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Experiencias de las mujeres durante el trabajo de parto y parto
Experiences of women during labor and delivery
Experiências de mulheres durante o trabalho de parto e parto
Keywords:
Dolor de Parto, Parto Obstétrico, Trabajo de Parto, Embarazo, Análisis Cualitativo (es)Labor Pain, Delivery, Obstetric, Labor, Pregnancy, Qualitative Analysis (en)
Dor do Parto, Parto Obstétrico, Trabalho de Parto, Gravidez, Análise Qualitativa (pt)
Objetivo: Develar las experiencias de las mujeres durante el trabajo de parto y parto en una Unidad Materno Infantil de Medellín, durante el año 2013.
Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, de tipo fenomenológico. Muestreo representado en la saturación teórica, con la participación de 13 mujeres a quienes se les aplicó la entrevista a profundidad. Se construyeron las categorías descriptivas, posteriormente se agruparon en categorías de orden axial y finalmente se obtuvieron las de orden selectivo para determinar las categorías núcleo. Se desarrolló la triangulación a través de grupos focales y la observación. El estudio obtuvo la aprobación del Comité de Ética y se utilizó el consentimiento informado por escrito.
Resultados: Surgieron tres categorías principales: Los síntomas desagradables, La soledad y Yo quiero ver a Camila. Desde la teoría de rango medio de los síntomas desagradables, se encontró que el dolor, la fatiga y la sed son experiencias altamente significativas que comprometen el bienestar y la satisfacción materna. La soledad estuvo presente en todo el proceso, sin embargo el apoyo espiritual y la presencia del personal de salud fueron una fuente de acompañamiento. A pesar del sufrimiento y el dolor del trabajo de parto, el nacimiento las hizo olvidar estos acontecimientos y consideraron que el proceso del parto las reafirmaba frente a la adopción de su rol materno.
Conclusiones: Se debe cambiar los métodos tradicionales de cuidado y propiciar otras formas de atención más humanizadas para que las mujeres asuman su rol de madres con seguridad y decisión.
Objective: To describe the experience of women during labor and delivery at the Unidad Materno Infantil (Maternal and Infant Care) of Medellín during 2013.
Methodology: Qualita - tive, phenomenological study. Sampling was conducted using theoretical saturation, with the participation of 13 women who underwent detailed interviews. Descriptive categories were developed, after which they were grouped into categories using axial coding; then, categories were obtained using selective coding in order to determine the core categories. Triangulation was carried out through focus groups and observation. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee, and a written informed consent form was used. Results: There were three main categories: The unpleasantsymptoms,Loneliness, and I want to see Camila.Based on the middle-range theory of unpleasant symptoms,we found that pain, fatigue,and thirst were highly significant experiences that compromised maternal well-being and satisfaction.Loneliness was present throughout the entire process;however,spiritual support and the presence of healthcare personnel were a source of comfort. Despite the suffering and pain of labor, babies’ birth caused mothers to forget these unpleasant occurrences and they concluded that the labor process actually empowered them to take on their maternal role.
Conclusions: Trad it iona l methods of care must be modified, and new, more humane care must be implemented so that mothers may take on their new role with determination and resolution.
Objetivo: Revelar as experiências das mulheres durante o trabalho de parto e parto em uma Unidade Mãe e Filho de Medellín em 2013.
Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo de tipo fenomenológico. Amostragem representada na saturação teórica, com a participação de 13 mulheres às quais foram feitas a entrevista em profundidade. As categorias descritivas foram construídas, mais tarde foram agrupados em categorias de ordem axial e, finalmente, obtiveram-se as de ordem seletivo, para determinar as categorias principais. Triangulação foi desenvolvida por meio de grupos focais e observação. Ele teve a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e consentimento informado por escrito foi utilizado. Resultados: Três categorias principais emergem: Os sintomas desagradáveis, Solidão e Eu quero ver Camila. Uma vez que a teoria de médio alcance de sintomas desagradáveis encontrou-se que a dor, fadiga e sede são experiências altamente significativas que comprometem o bem-estar e satisfação materna. Solidão esteve presente durante todo o processo, contudo, o apoio espiritual e a presença do pessoal de saúde, foram uma fonte de apoio. Apesar do sofrimento e da dor do trabalho de parto, o nascimento fez com que esquecessem esses acontecimentos e consideraram que o processo de nascimento as reafirmara no seu papel materno. Conclusões: É preciso mudar os métodos tradicionais de cuidados e incentivar outras formas de cuidado humanizado, de modo que as mulheres assumem seu papel de mãe com confiança e determinação.
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