Publicado

2016-01-01

Case studies of two families with MIDD and MELAS: heteroplasmy level in m.3243A>G mutation and the first report on m.3271T>C mutation in Colombia

Dos familias con midd y melas: nivel de heteroplasmia de la mutación m.3243a>g y primer reporte de la mutación m.3271t>c en colombia

Palabras clave:

MELAS, Heteroplasmia, Enfermedad mitocondrial (en)
MELAS, Heteroplasmy, Mitochondrial Disease (es)

Autores/as

  • Jorge Luis Granadillo De Luque Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
  • Manuel Luna Hospital el Tunal
  • Leonardo Hernández-Reina Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Hospital San José
  • Clara Arteaga-Diaz Instituto de Genética. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.
  • Juan Manuel Arteaga-Díaz Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia

MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) and MIDD syndrome (maternally inherited diabetes and deafness) are mitochondrial diseases caused in most cases by the same mutation m.3243A> G, which affects the gene MT-TL1.

The cases of two families with MELAS are presented here. In the first case, the m.3243A>G mutation was detected and the heteroplasmy level in blood, urine and oral mucosa were determined, finding a great phenotypic variability: the patient had higher heteroplasmy in the three tissues compared against oligosymptomatic relatives, and the mother had high blood sugar levels and hearing loss, suggesting a phenotype near to MIDD. In the second family, the m.3271T>C mutation was detected, which constitutes the first case reported in Colombia.

These findings suggest that MIDD and MELAS, often described as distinct entities, are part of the same entity with variable expressivity partially depending on heteroplasmy.

El síndrome MELAS (encefalomiopatía mitocondrial, acidosis láctica y episodios similares a isquemia cerebral) y el síndrome MIDD (diabetes y sordera de herencia materna) son enfermedades mitocondriales producidas en la mayor parte de los casos por una misma mutación: la m.3243A>G que afecta al gen MT-TL1.

Se presentan los casos de dos familias con MELAS. En la primera se detecta la mutación m.3243A>G y se determina el nivel de heteroplasmia en sangre, orina y mucosa oral, con lo que se evidencia una gran variabilidad fenotípica: la paciente tenía una mayor heteroplasmia en los tres tejidos en comparación con sus familiares oligosintomáticos y la madre tenía una glicemia elevada e hipoacusia, sugiriendo un fenotipo cercano al MIDD. En la segunda familia se detecta la mutación m.3271T>C, siendo el primer caso reportado en Colombia.

Estos hallazgos sugieren que el MIDD y el MELAS, descritos frecuentemente como entidades distintas, hacen parte de una misma entidad con expresividad variable dependiendo en parte de la heteroplasmia.

Referencias

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Cómo citar

Granadillo De Luque, J. L., Luna, M., Hernández-Reina, L., Arteaga-Diaz, C., & Arteaga-Díaz, J. M. (2016). Dos familias con midd y melas: nivel de heteroplasmia de la mutación m.3243a>g y primer reporte de la mutación m.3271t>c en colombia. Case Reports, 2(1), 27-36. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/care/article/view/50754