Publicado

2023-12-29

Estenosis distal del conducto biliar común por coinfección de citomegalovirus y Cryptosporidium spp. en síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Reporte de un caso

Distal common bile duct stricture due to cytomegalovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. coinfection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Case report

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v9n2.97067

Palabras clave:

Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida, Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA, Infecciones por Citomegalovirus, Criptosporidiosis, Enfermedades de los Conductos Biliares, Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica (es)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Cryptosporidiosis, Bile Duct Diseases, Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde (en)

Autores/as

  • Andrés Fernando Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine - Bogotá - Colombia/Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia - Internal Medicine Service - Bogotá - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-4230
  • Sergio Andrés Remolina-Granados Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine - Bogotá - Colombia/Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia - Infectious Diseases Service - Bogotá - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5368-765X
  • Sergio Andrés Vallejo-Ávila Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine - Bogotá - Colombia/Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia - Internal Medicine Service - Bogotá - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-1620
  • Juan Manuel Viveros-Carreño Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Faculty of Medicine -Department of Diagnostic Imaging - Bogotá - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9305-9233
  • Diana Lucia Martínez-Baquero Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia - Internal Medicine Service - Bogotá - Colombia/Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia - Pathology Service - Bogotá - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6411-1709

Resumen

Introducción. La colangiopatía por síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida es infrecuente y presenta una alta morbilidad. La estenosis del conducto biliar común (colédoco) y la colangitis esclerosante secundaria son sus formas más comunes, generalmente causadas por infecciones oportunistas.

Presentación del caso. Hombre de 27 años diagnosticado con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, sin terapia antirretroviral al momento de su ingreso, quien consultó a un hospital de tercer nivel de complejidad en la ciudad de Bogotá por dolor en hipocondrio derecho y diarrea crónica de tres semanas de evolución. Se realizó coprocultivo que fue positivo para ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. Las pruebas de fosfatasa alcalina y gamma-glutamil transferasa evidenciaron una elevación en los valores. Adicionalmente, se practicó una colangiografía por resonancia magnética que mostró dilatación de la vía biliar por estenosis distal del conducto biliar común. La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica confirmó el hallazgo y descartó una colangitis esclerosante. Se realizó la inserción de un stent biliar (endoprótesis) y se solicitó biopsia de la ampolla de Vater que mostró estructuras citomegálicas con inclusiones intracelulares. El diagnóstico final fue colangitis por citomegalovirus y Cryptosporidium spp., por lo que se inició terapia antirretroviral y tratamiento antiviral (ganciclovir) con evolución satisfactoria.

Conclusiones. La colangiopatía es una de las causas de dolor abdominal en pacientes con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. El citomegalovirus y el Cryptosporidium spp. son los agentes etiológicos más frecuentes. El manejo se basa en la resolución de la estenosis por vía endoscópica, la terapia antirretroviral y el tratamiento antimicrobiano dirigido.

Abstract

Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cholangiopathy is a rare disease with a high morbidity rate. Common bile duct stricture and secondary sclerosing cholangitis are its most common manifestations, usually caused by opportunistic infections.

Case presentation: A 27-year-old male patient diagnosed with AIDS, without antiretroviral therapy at the time of admission, consulted due to pain in the right hypochondrium and chronic diarrhea for three weeks. A stool culture was performed, showing a positive result for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Due to the persistence of abdominal pain and elevation of alkaline phosphatase and GGT, a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed, showing dilatation of the biliary tract due to distal stricture of the common bile duct. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography confirmed the finding and ruled out biliary cholangitis. A biliary stent was placed endoscopically, and a biopsy of the papilla was requested, which showed cytomegalic structures with intracellular inclusions. A final diagnosis of cholangitis due to cytomegalovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. was made, and antiretroviral therapy and antiviral treatment (ganciclovir) was started with satisfactory results.

Conclusions: Cholangiopathy is one of the causes of abdominal pain in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cytomegalovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. are the most frequent etiological agents. Treatment is based on endoscopic management of the stricture, antimicrobial therapy, and targeted antiviral therapy.

Referencias

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Estenosis distal del conducto biliar común por coinfección de citomegalovirus y Cryptosporidium spp. en síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Reporte de un caso. (2023). Case Reports, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v9n2.97067