Publicado

2023-10-20

Probability of a high recurrence score for breast cancer on the Oncotype DX test in males: a case series

Probabilidad de una alta puntuación de recurrencia de cáncer de mama Oncotype DX en hombres. Serie de casos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v9n2.97697

Palabras clave:

Nomograms, Genomics, Medical Records, Breast Neoplasms, Male (en)
Nomogramas, Genómica, Registros médicos, Neoplasias de la mama masculina (es)

Autores/as

Abstract

Introduction: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease that accounts for 1% of breast cancers. The Oncotype DX test (a genomic signature that assesses the expression of 21 genes to estimate the recurrence score [RS]) has been widely used in MBC to select patients for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective: To describe 5 cases of MBC in which a nomogram was used to predict the probability of having a high Oncotype DX score for breast cancer and the need to perform genomic signature.

Materials and methods: Case series study in which five patients with MBC treated between 2007 and 2020 at a cancer institution in Teresina (Brazil) were included. A nomogram was performed to evaluate five clinical and pathological variables (age, body size, tumor size, grade, recurrence score status, and histologic type of carcinoma).

Case series: The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 69 years (mean tumor size: 2.6cm). All patients received hormone therapy with tamoxifen, three received chemotherapy, and one received radiation therapy after breast surgery (mastectomy). During a median follow-up period of 88 months, one case had a recurrence (bone metastasis). Based on the nomogram results, two patients had a high probability of a high RS (36% and 45%) and only one patient (case 3) underwent Oncotype DX testing (RS: 20).

Conclusions: In the present series of five cases, based on the nomogram results, only two patients (cases 3 and 4) had a high probability of a high Oncotype DX recurrence score; however, due to financial constraints, this test was only performed on one of these two patients. The patient who underwent the test (case 3) did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy and remained alive with bone metastases until the end of the follow-up period. Conversely, the patient who could not undergo the examination (case 4) received adjuvant chemotherapy and was alive without any signs of disease.

Resumen

Introducción. El cáncer de mama masculino (CMM) es una enfermedad rara que representa el 1% de los casos de cáncer de mama. La prueba Oncotype DX, un test de laboratorio genómico que evalúa la expresión de 21 genes para estimar la puntuación de recurrencia (PR), se ha usado ampliamente en el manejo del CMM para seleccionar pacientes para quimioterapia adyuvante.

Objetivo. Describir cinco casos de CMM en los que se utilizó un nomograma para predecir la probabilidad de una alta PR de cáncer de mama Oncotype DX y la necesidad de realizar firma genómica.

Materiales y métodos. Estudio de serie de casos en el que se incluyeron cinco pacientes con CMM atendidos entre 2007 y 2020 en una institución oncológica de Teresina (Brasil) y en los que se realizó un nomograma que evalúa cinco variables clínicas y patológicas (edad, estado de la PR y tamaño, grado y tipo histológico del carcinoma).

Serie de casos. La edad media de los pacientes al momento del diagnóstico fue 69 años y la media del tamaño tumoral, 2.6cm. Todos los pacientes recibieron terapia hormonal con tamoxifeno, tres recibieron quimioterapia y uno recibió radioterapia después de la mastectomía. En un seguimiento medio de 88 meses, solo un caso tuvo recurrencia (metástasis ósea). Según los resultados del nomograma, dos pacientes tenían alta probabilidad de una alta PR (36% y 45%) y solo en un paciente (caso 3) se realizó la prueba de PR de cáncer de mama Oncotype DX (PR: 20).

Conclusiones. En la presente serie de cinco casos, según los resultados del nomograma, solo dos pacientes (casos 3 y 4) tuvieron alta probabilidad de tener una alta PR de cáncer de mama Oncotype DX; sin embargo, debido a problemas financieros, esta prueba solo fue realizada en uno de estos dos pacientes.

Referencias

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Probabilidad de una alta puntuación de recurrencia de cáncer de mama Oncotype DX en hombres. Serie de casos. (2023). Case Reports, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v9n2.97697