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The legal context for the protection of marine biological diversity in the Southwest Caribbean
El contexto legal para la protección de la diversidad biológica marina en el suroeste del Caribe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/cuadcaribe.n29.116152Palabras clave:
access and benefit sharing, biodiversity, Indigenous Peoples, international law, resource governance (en)biodiversidad, compartir acceso y beneficios, gobernanza de recursos, ley internacional, pueblos Indígenas (es)
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Biodiverse marine ecosystems, which preceded and enabled terrestrial life, continue to be fundamental to its survival and flourishing. Biodiversity hotspots, such as the Caribbean, are among the most complex and biodiverse marine ecosystems on the planet. These areas are the ancestral territories of thousands of people and communities—Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and others—who depend directly on the natural resources of the sea for their livelihoods, as well as for the maintenance of their cultures and ways of life. However, these ecosystems face threats from coastal development, tourism, pollution, overfishing, and the effects of climate change, which are driving environmental changes at a pace far beyond the capacity of existing governance structures to respond. In this context, this article reviews the multilateral regime governing the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and the ecosystems on which it depends and examines the degree of national implementation of global norms. The article also assesses the extent to which the interests of those whose lives depend most directly on access to and sharing in the benefits derived from the use of the natural world are reflected in these frameworks.
Los ecosistemas marinos biodiversos, que precedieron y posibilitaron la vida terrestre, siguen siendo fundamentales para su supervivencia y desarrollo. Los puntos críticos de biodiversidad, como el Caribe, se encuentran entre los ecosistemas marinos más complejos y biodiversos del planeta. Estas áreas son los territorios ancestrales de miles de personas y comunidades, Indígenas, Afrodescendientes y otras, que dependen directamente de los recursos naturales del mar para su sustento, así como para el mantenimiento de sus culturas y formas de vida. Sin embargo, estos ecosistemas enfrentan amenazas provenientes del desarrollo costero, el turismo, la contaminación, la sobrepesca y los efectos del cambio climático, los cuales están provocando cambios ambientales a un ritmo mucho más rápido que la capacidad de las estructuras de gobernanza existentes para responder. En este contexto, este artículo revisa el régimen multilateral que regula la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad y los ecosistemas de los cuales depende, y examina el grado de implementación nacional de las normas globales. Además, el artículo evalúa hasta qué punto se reflejan en estos marcos los intereses de aquellos cuya vida depende más directamente del acceso y la participación en los beneficios derivados del uso del mundo natural.
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