Publicado

2018-01-01

Optimización del torneado multipasada para producciones sostenibles utilizando algoritmos genéticos y enjambre de partículas

Multi-passes turning optimization for sustainable productions by using genetic algorithm and particle swarm heuristics

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n204.68623

Palabras clave:

cilindrado multipasada, optimización multiobjetivo, parámetros de corte (es)
multi-pass cylindrical turning, multiobjective optimization, cutting parameters (en)

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La selección de parámetros óptimos de corte es un aspecto esencial en la planificación de cualquier proceso de maquinado, principalmente cuando la sostenibilidad es un objetivo primordial. En este trabajo se presenta una optimización multiobjetivo dirigida a producciones sostenibles, con el fin de seleccionar los parámetros de corte óptimos (velocidad, avance y la profundidad de corte) en operaciones de cilindrado multipasada. Como funciones objetivos del proceso fueron considerados: el aspecto económico y el medioambiental, los cuales son pilares representativos de la sostenibilidad. Requerimientos técnicos, tales como: la potencia de corte, las fuerzas y la rugosidad superficial fueron considerados como restricciones. La optimización se llevó a cabo mediante un enfoque a posteriori; donde se obtuvo un conjunto de soluciones no dominadas (también conocidas como frontera de Pareto) que permitió la selección de la combinación más viable de objetivos para las condiciones específicas del taller. Para la optimización se emplearon dos técnicas de gradiente libre: algoritmo genético sin ordenamiento y enjambre de partículas. Se desarrolló un estudio de caso para evaluar el ajuste y la eficiencia de las técnicas propuestas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un mejor rendimiento del algoritmo genético usado, en cuanto a: costo computacional y calidad de la frontera de Pareto obtenida. El método propuesto demostró ser muy conveniente para la optimización sostenible del proceso de torneado, a través de una evaluación simultánea de aspectos económicos y ambientales.
Selecting optimal cutting parameters is a very important task in any machining process planning, especially when sustainability is in the sight. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization focused on sustainable productions, for selecting optimal cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut) in multi-pass cylindrical turning operations. Both, the economic and environmental pillars of sustainability are considered as optimization targets. Technical requirements, such as cutting power, forces and surface roughness, are also taken into account as constraints. Optimization was carried out through a posteriori approach, where a set of non-dominated solutions, also known as Pareto front, were obtained and, then, the most suitable combination of targets is selected for the specific workshop conditions. Two gradient-free optimization techniques were used for carrying out the optimization: the non-sorting genetic algorithm II and the multi-objective particle swarm optimization. A study case was carried out not only for evaluating the fitness of the proposed approach but also for comparing the performance of the considered techniques. The outcomes showed a better performance by the genetic algorithms, in both the computational efficiency and the quality of the obtained Pareto front. The proposed approach demonstrated its convenience for sustainability optimization of machining processes, giving a simpler way for analyzing simultaneously the economic and environmental aspects of sustainability.

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