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¿Qué impulsa la adopción de CBDC o bitcoin? Evidencia derivada de la experiencia del Caribe, Centroamérica y Sudamérica
What Drives the Adoption of CBCD or Bitcoin? Evidence from the Caribbean, Central and South America Experience
O que impulsiona a adoção de CBDC ou bitcoin? Evidências da experiência do Caribe e das Américas Central e do Sul
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v33n63.105413Palabras clave:
CBDC, monedas digitales, política monetaria, inclusión financiera, innovación de bancos centrales, dinero digital (es)CBDC, digital currencies, monetary policy, financial inclusion, central bank innovation, digital currency (en)
CBDC, moedas digitais, política monetária, inclusão financeira, inovação do banco central, dinheiro digital (pt)
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Los países de la región del Caribe, Centroamérica y Sudamérica han irrumpido con fuerza e indiscutible liderazgo en la adopción del dinero digital, ya sea apostando por las monedas digitales emitidas y respaldadas por un banco central (CBDC) o por las monedas virtuales descentralizadas (DEFI), lideradas por Bitcoin y Ether. El objetivo del artículo es identificar las razones que llevan a un país o zona monetaria a decantarse por alguno de estos sistemas. Una vez estudiadas las ventajas y desventajas del uso de las divisas virtuales centraremos el análisis en doce variables sobre el uso de dinero móvil extraídas del GFI (Global Findex Indicator) de los años 2011, 2014, 2017 y 2021 de todos estos países. El presente artículo demuestra, entre otras cuestiones, que la apuesta por un dinero digital basado en CBDC o DEFI depende más de la elección política de los dirigentes del país en cuestión que de criterios socioeconómicos.
The countries of the Caribbean region, Central America and South America have emerged with strength and undisputed leadership in the adoption of digital money, either by betting on digital currencies issued and backed by a central bank (CBDC) or by decentralized virtual currencies (DEFI), led by Bitcoin and Ether. This article aims to identify the reasons that lead a country or currency area to opt for one of these systems. After studying the advantages and disadvantages of using virtual currencies, we will focus the analysis on twelve variables of the use of mobile money extracted from the GFI (Global Findex Indicator) for 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2021 for all these countries. This article shows, among other things, that the commitment to digital money based on CBDC or DEFI depends more on the political choice of the governments than on socioeconomic criteria.
Os países da região do Caribe e das Américas Central e do Sul emergiram como líderes fortes e incontestáveis na adoção da moeda digital, seja optando por moedas digitais emitidas e respaldadas por um banco central (CBDC) ou por moedas virtuais descentralizadas (DEFI), lideradas pelo Bitcoin e pelo Ether. O objetivo do artigo é identificar os motivos que levam um país ou área monetária a optar por um desses sistemas. Depois de estudar as vantagens e desvantagens do uso de moedas virtuais, concentraremos nossa análise em doze variáveis sobre o uso de dinheiro móvel extraídas do GFI (Global Findex Indicator) para 2011, 2014, 2017 e 2021 para todos esses países. Este artigo demonstra, entre outras coisas, que o compromisso com o dinheiro digital baseado em CBDC ou DEFI depende mais da escolha política dos líderes do país em questão do que de critérios socioeconômicos.
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