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Disposición a pagar por bienes del patrimonio cultural inmaterial. Experimento de elección discreta para cuerpos artísticos de ballet, orquesta y coro de Bahía Blanca (Argentina)
Willingness to Pay for Intangible Cultural Intangible Cultural Heritage. Discrete Choice Experiment for Artistic Corps of Ballet, Orchestra and Choir in Bahía Blanca of ballet, orchestra and choir of Bahía Blanca (Argentina)
Disposição para pagar por bens do patrimônio cultural intangível. Experimento de escolha discreta para corpos artísticos de balé, orquestra e coral em Bahía Blanca (Argentina).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v35n66.112352Palabras clave:
patrimonio cultural, valoración económica, disposición a pagar, bienes culturales inmateriales, experimento de elección discreta (es)cultural heritage, economic value, willingness to pay, immaterial cultural goods, discrete choice experiment (en)
patrimônio cultural, avaliação econômica, disposição a pagar, propriedade cultural intangível, experimento de escolha discreta (pt)
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Las metodologías de valoración de bienes del patrimonio cultural que pretenden conocer la disposición a pagar de la comunidad por disfrutar o conservar esos bienes se utilizan como punto de referencia en el establecimiento del valor de la entrada o como criterio para determinar el monto de las transferencias que el Estado debería destinar para preservar el patrimonio, en la creencia de que la construcción y preservación de los bienes culturales debe tener raigambre en la propia comunidad donde se emplazan. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar el valor económico que le otorga la población al Ballet del Sur, la Orquesta Sinfónica y el Coro Estable, tres cuerpos artísticos que forman parte del acervo cultural de Bahía Blanca (Argentina). Se aplicó una técnica basada en un experimento de elección discreta donde participaron 678 adultos residentes en la ciudad. No se encuentra evidencia de disposición a pagar diferencial de acuerdo con el día de la semana o el tipo de obra ofrecida. Se encontró que la disposición a pagar por asistir a presentaciones se ubica en promedio en USD 0,7 para el Coro, USD 1,3 en Orquesta y USD 1,9 para el Ballet. Estas estimaciones son comparadas con las obtenidas por bienes culturales inmateriales similares y se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados sobre la política cultural.
Methodologies seeking to determine the individual´s willingness to pay to enjoy or preserve cultural heritage goods are increasingly used as a reference in establishing the price of access or as a criterion to determine the amount of transfers that the government should allocate to preserve heritage, in the belief that the construction and preservation of cultural assets should have roots in the community where they are located. The objective of this study is to estimate the economic value that the population gives to three artistic bodies that are part of the cultural heritage of Bahía Blanca (Argentina), such as the Ballet del Sur, the Symphony Orchestra and the Stable Choir, all publicly managed and financed. We apply a technique based on a discrete choice experiment in a convenience sample of 678 adults residing in the city. We found no differences in the willingness to pay according to the day of the week or the type of performance offered. It was found that the mean willingness to pay for attending presentations by these bodies is USD 0.7 for the Choir, USD 1.3 for the Orchestra and USD 1.9 for the Ballet. These estimates are compared with those obtained for similar intangible cultural assets located outside the city. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for cultural policy.
As metodologias de avaliação de bens do patrimônio cultural que buscam determinar a disposição da comunidade em pagar para usufruir ou preservar esses bens são utilizadas como ponto de referência para estabelecer o valor do ingresso ou como critério para determinar o montante das transferências que o Estado deve destinar à preservação do patrimônio, na crença de que a construção e a preservação dos bens culturais devem estar enraizadas na própria comunidade onde estão localizados. O objetivo deste estudo é estimar o valor econômico atribuído pela população ao Ballet del Sur, à Orquestra Sinfônica e ao Coro Estable, três entidades artísticas que fazem parte do patrimônio cultural de Bahía Blanca (Argentina). Foi aplicada uma técnica baseada em um experimento de escolha discreta, do qual participaram 678 residentes adultos da cidade. Não foram encontradas evidências de diferença na disposição a pagar de acordo com o dia da semana ou o tipo de trabalho oferecido. Constatou-se que a disposição a pagar para assistir a apresentações é, em média, de US$ 0,7 para Coro, US$ 1,3 para Orquestra e US$ 1,9 para Balé. Essas estimativas são comparadas com as obtidas para bens culturais intangíveis semelhantes e as implicações desses resultados para a política cultural são discutidas.
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