Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial

Sebastián Araya-Pizarro; Nando Verelst

doi:10.15446/ede.v34n64.112357

Publicado

2024-03-03

Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial

Human Development and Innovation: A Comparative Analysis in the Global Context

Desenvolvimento humano e inovação: uma análise comparativa no contexto global

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v34n64.112357

Palabras clave:

desarrollo humano, innovación, análisis multivariante, regresión múltiple, capital humano, investigación y desarrollo (es)
human development, innovation, multivariate analysis, multiple regression, human capital, research and development (en)
desenvolvimento humano, inovação, análise multivariada, regressão múltipla, capital humano, pesquisa e desenvolvimento (pt)

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Autores/as

Sebastián Araya-Pizarro Universidad de La Serena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-8441
Nando Verelst Universidad de La Serena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-767X

En el presente artículo, se plantea que el desarrollo humano y la innovación están estrechamente relacionados, generando dinámicas convergentes de gran alcance. En este contexto, esta investigación analiza comparativamente los niveles de desarrollo humano y de innovación a nivel mundial. Se recolectaron datos de 132 países, para el año 2021, sobre el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) y el Índice Mundial de Innovación (GII), respecto a entradas (input) y salidas (output) del proceso de innovación. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando métodos estadísticos descriptivos, la técnica de agrupamiento K-medias y regresiones lineales múltiples. Los resultados revelaron disparidades en el proceso de innovación, relacionadas con el desarrollo humano de los países. Se identificaron tres clústeres con diferencias significativas en el nivel de desarrollo en términos de innovación. Se encontró que el capital humano y la investigación tienen un impacto transversal en el nivel de desarrollo humano alcanzado. Como conclusión, se destaca la importancia de formular estrategias enfocadas en fortalecer la masa crítica de investigadores y fomentar la inversión en Investigación y Desarrollo, con una colaboración estrecha entre universidades e industrias, para abordar los desafíos clave del bienestar general de la sociedad.

This article proposes that human development and innovation are closely related, generating far-reaching convergent dynamics. In this context, this research comparatively analyzes the levels of human development and innovation worldwide. Data was collected from 132 countries in 2021 on the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Global Innovation Index (GII), regarding inputs and outputs of the innovation process. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, the K-means clustering technique, and multiple linear regressions. The findings highlight disparities in the innovation process, related to the human development of countries. Three clusters with significant differences in the level of development in terms of innovation were identified. It was found that human capital and research have a cross-cutting impact on the achieved level of human development. In conclusion, the importance of formulating strategies focused on strengthening the critical mass of researchers and promoting investment in Research and Development, with close collaboration between universities and industries, is highlighted to address key challenges in the general well-being of society.

Este artigo argumenta que o desenvolvimento humano e a inovação estão intimamente relacionados, gerando dinâmicas convergentes de longo alcance. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa analisa comparativamente os níveis de desenvolvimento humano e inovação em nível global. Foram coletados dados de 132 países, para o ano de 2021, sobre o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e o Índice Global de Inovação (IGI), referentes a entradas e saídas do processo de inovação. Os dados foram analisados usando métodos estatísticos descritivos, a técnica de agrupamento K-means e regressões lineares múltiplas. Os resultados revelaram disparidades no processo de inovação, relacionadas ao desenvolvimento humano dos países. Foram identificados três grupos com diferenças significativas no nível de desenvolvimento em termos de inovação. Descobriu-se que o capital humano e a pesquisa têm um impacto transversal sobre o nível de desenvolvimento humano alcançado. Concluindo, o estudo destaca a importância de formular estratégias voltadas para o fortalecimento da massa crítica de pesquisadores e para a promoção de investimentos em P&D, com estreita colaboração entre universidades e indústrias, para enfrentar os principais desafios do bem-estar geral da sociedade.

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Cómo citar

APA

Araya-Pizarro, S. y Verelst, N. (2024). Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial. Ensayos de Economía, 34(64), 36–59. https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v34n64.112357

ACM

[1]

Araya-Pizarro, S. y Verelst, N. 2024. Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial. Ensayos de Economía. 34, 64 (may 2024), 36–59. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v34n64.112357.

ACS

(1)

Araya-Pizarro, S.; Verelst, N. Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial. Ens. Econ. 2024, 34, 36-59.

ABNT

ARAYA-PIZARRO, S.; VERELST, N. Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial. Ensayos de Economía, [S. l.], v. 34, n. 64, p. 36–59, 2024. DOI: 10.15446/ede.v34n64.112357. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/112357. Acesso em: 22 mar. 2025.

Chicago

Araya-Pizarro, Sebastián, y Nando Verelst. 2024. «Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial». Ensayos De Economía 34 (64):36-59. https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v34n64.112357.

Harvard

Araya-Pizarro, S. y Verelst, N. (2024) «Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial», Ensayos de Economía, 34(64), pp. 36–59. doi: 10.15446/ede.v34n64.112357.

IEEE

[1]

S. Araya-Pizarro y N. Verelst, «Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial», Ens. Econ., vol. 34, n.º 64, pp. 36–59, may 2024.

MLA

Araya-Pizarro, S., y N. Verelst. «Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial». Ensayos de Economía, vol. 34, n.º 64, mayo de 2024, pp. 36-59, doi:10.15446/ede.v34n64.112357.

Turabian

Araya-Pizarro, Sebastián, y Nando Verelst. «Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial». Ensayos de Economía 34, no. 64 (mayo 3, 2024): 36–59. Accedido marzo 22, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/112357.

Vancouver

1.

Araya-Pizarro S, Verelst N. Desarrollo humano e innovación: un análisis comparativo en el contexto mundial. Ens. Econ. [Internet]. 3 de mayo de 2024 [citado 22 de marzo de 2025];34(64):36-59. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/112357