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Global Inequality in the Current Era
Desigualdad global en la era actual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v32n61.97281Palabras clave:
Inequality, International Economics, Economic Impacts of Globalization, International Economic Order (en)desigualdad, globalización, política económica (es)
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One of the most vehement criticisms to the current global era refers to the issue of huge income disparities within and between countries. At present, global inequality is higher than it was 200 years ago but, at the same time, up to COVID 19, the Gini index marks the first time since the Industrial Revolution that it stopped rising. This downward trajectory has been driven by a decline in between-country inequality —the main explanatory factor for global income disparities— partially offset by a rise in within-country inequality. The downward trend between countries should not be unexpected, since low-income countries in Asia, particularly China, have experienced growth rates substantially above the world average in the context of a rapid industrialization process. The pandemic has revealed and worsened preexisting inequalities in both within and between countries, so that global inequality also appears to have increased since its outbreak.
Una de las críticas más vehementes a la actual era global se refiere a la cuestión de las enormes disparidades de ingresos dentro de los países y entre ellos. En la actualidad, la desigualdad mundial es mayor que hace 200 años, pero, al mismo tiempo, hasta el COVID 19, el índice de Gini marca la primera vez desde la Revolución Industrial que dejó de aumentar. Esta trayectoria descendente se ha visto impulsada por un descenso de la desigualdad entre países —el principal factor explicativo de las disparidades de ingresos a nivel mundial— parcialmente compensado por un aumento de la desigualdad dentro de los países. La tendencia a la baja entre países no debería ser inesperada, ya que los países de bajos ingresos de Asia, especialmente China, han experimentado tasas de crecimiento sustancialmente superiores a la media mundial en el contexto de un rápido proceso de industrialización. La pandemia ha revelado y agravado las desigualdades preexistentes tanto dentro de los países como entre ellos, de modo que la desigualdad mundial también parece haber aumentado desde su estallido.
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