Clasificación de estados de salud y metodologías de valoración de preferencias para el cálculo de AVAC: una revisión de literatura
Classification of Health States and Preference Assessment Methodologies for Calculating Qalys: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v30n57.89801Keywords:
años de vida ajustados por calidad, economía de la salud, sistemas de clasificación en salud, valoración de preferencias (es)quality-adjusted life years, health economics, health classification systems, preference assessment (en)
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Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar los principales instrumentos de medición de estados de salud y las metodologías de valoración de preferencias que se utilizan para calcular los años de vida ajustados por calidad —AVAC—. A partir de una revisión de literatura con una estrategia de búsqueda equilibrada para la identificación de referencias bibliográficas relevantes, se presentan las características técnicas de los sistemas de clasificación en salud, como lo son los conceptos funcionales —sociales, mentales, físicos y sensoriales—, la combinación de atributos, el número de estados de salud diferentes, la duración de la encuesta y su administración. Asimismo, referente a las metodologías de valoración de preferencias, se resumen las particularidades sobre la consistencia con la teoría de los AVAC, la flexibilidad en la descripción de estados de salud, los estados peores que la muerte, entre otros aspectos. Se concluye que no existe un sistema de clasificación de estados de salud o método de valoración de preferencias mejor que otro, por lo que el investigador debe elegir la herramienta que mejor se adapte a la condición bajo análisis y al diseño de estudio en específico.
The purpose of this research is to identify the main instruments for measuring health states and the methodologies for evaluating preferences, which are used to calculate quality-adjusted life years —QALYs—. From a literature review with a balanced search strategy to identify relevant bibliographic references, the technical characteristics of health classification
systems are presented, such as functional concepts —social, mental, physical and sensory—, the combination of attributes, the number of different health states, the duration of the survey and its administration. Likewise, referring to the methodologies of valuation of preferences, the particularities on the consistency with the QALY theory, the flexibility in the description of health states, states worse than death, among other aspects, are summarized. It is concluded that there is no one better health status classification system or preference assessment method than another, so the researcher must choose the tool that best suits the condition under analysis and the specific study design.
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