Published

2024-09-19

A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus

Una nueva especie de Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) del Barremiano inferior de Colombia y evaluación de la composición específica del género

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n2.112332

Keywords:

Ophthalmosauridae, Platypterygius, Barremian, Colombia (en)
Ophthalmosauridae, Platypterygius, Barremiano, Colombia (es)

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Authors

  • María Eurídice Páramo Fonseca Universidad Nacional de Colombia
  • Cristian David Benavides Cabra Universidad Nacional de Colombia
  • Renzo Garavito Camacho Universidad Nacional de Colombia

In this paper, we describe a new ophthalmosaurid specimen found in the lower Barremian beds of the Paja Formation at Villa de Leiva, Boyacá, Colombia. The specimen represents a new species of Platypterygius, P. elsuntuoso sp. nov. defined by three unique features within the genus: a small ventral peg in the anterior ventral border of the extracondylar area of the basioccipital; a supratemporal groove in the quadrate; and a shallow neck at the base of the acellular cementum ring on the teeth root. In support of our taxonomic determination, in this contribution we also assess the species composition of the genus Platypterygius, comparing the known anatomy of the type species P. platydactylus with that of the other species previously assigned to the genus. We found that a great morphological affinity in the forelimb of the species P. americanus, P. australis, P. hercynicus, and P. sachicarum (lower Barremian to lower Cenomanian) with that of the type species (Aptian) is unquestionable and differentiate them from all other ophthalmosaurids. Three new diagnostic features (synapomorphies of the genus) support their inclusion in Platypterygius. Consequently, the genus name “Kyhytysuka”, recently proposed to differentiate P. sachicarum from the genus Platypterygius is here rejected. A careful comparison of the cranial characteristics of Platypterygius specimens preserving associated cranial and fin remains demonstrate that Platypterygius is a genus distinguishable from other ophthalmosaurids not only by a typical forelimb but also by a particular combination of skull features. In this context, the skull morphology of “Simbirskiasaurus” concurs with that defining Platypterygius and its minor differences are not sufficient to support its generic distinction. The morphological comparisons and our phylogenetic analysis show the new species P. elsuntuoso more closely related to the Colombian species P. sachicarum than to other species of Platypterygius. Given that the new species came from the lower Barremian and P. sachicarum came from the upper Barremian, the minor differences in dentition found between the two species suggest a speciation by adaptation to new food sources in the Cretaceous epicontinental sea of Colombia.

En este artículo describimos un nuevo espécimen de ofthalmosáuridos encontrado en capas de la Formación Paja, en Villa de Leiva, Boyacá, Colombia. El espécimen representa una nueva especie del género Platypterygius, P. elsuntuoso sp. nov., definida por tres características únicas dentro del genero: un pequeño proceso en el borde anterior ventral del área extracondilar del basioccipital; una hendidura supratemporal en el cuadrado; y un ligero cuello en la base del anillo de cemento acelular de las raíces de los dientes. Como soporte a nuestra determinación, en esta contribución también evaluamos la composición específica del género Platypterygius, comparando la anatomía conocida de la especie tipo P. platydactylus con la de las demás especies previamente asignadas al género. Encontramos que hay una incuestionable afinidad morfológica entre la aleta anterior de las especies P. americanus, P. australis, P. hercynicus, y P. sachicarum (Barremiano inferior al Cenomaniano inferior) y la de la especie tipo (Aptiano), que las diferencia de todos los demás oftalmosáuridos. Tres nuevos caracteres diagnósticos (sinapomorfías para el género) soportan su inclusión en Platypterygius.
Consecuentemente, el nombre genérico “Kyhytysuka”, recientemente propuesto para diferenciar P. sachicarum del género Platypterygius, es aquí descartado. Una comparación cuidadosa de las características craneales de los especímenes
de Platypterygius que preservan la aleta anterior asociada demuestra que Platypterygius es un género que se distingue de otros oftalmosáuridos no sólo por su aleta anterior típica, sino también por una combinación particular de rasgos craneanos. En este contexto, la morfología del cráneo de “Simbirskiasaurus” coincide con la definida para Platypterygius, y sus pocas diferencias no son suficientes para soportar una distinción genérica. Las comparaciones morfológicas y nuestro análisis filogenético muestran a la especie nueva, P. elsuntuoso, está más cercanamente relacionada con la especie colombiana P. sachicarum que con las demás especies de Platypterygius. Dado que la nueva especie proviene del Barremiano inferior y P. sachicarum del Barremiano superior, las diferencias menores que encontramos entre sus denticiones sugieren un proceso de especiación por adaptación a nuevas fuentes de alimento en el mar epicontinental
Cretácico de Colombia.

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APA

Páramo Fonseca, M. E., Benavides Cabra, C. D. and Garavito Camacho, R. (2024). A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 28(2), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n2.112332

ACM

[1]
Páramo Fonseca, M.E., Benavides Cabra, C.D. and Garavito Camacho, R. 2024. A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 28, 2 (Sep. 2024), 103–126. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n2.112332.

ACS

(1)
Páramo Fonseca, M. E.; Benavides Cabra, C. D.; Garavito Camacho, R. A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus. Earth sci. res. j. 2024, 28, 103-126.

ABNT

PÁRAMO FONSECA, M. E.; BENAVIDES CABRA, C. D.; GARAVITO CAMACHO, R. A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 2, p. 103–126, 2024. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v28n2.112332. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/112332. Acesso em: 1 feb. 2025.

Chicago

Páramo Fonseca, María Eurídice, Cristian David Benavides Cabra, and Renzo Garavito Camacho. 2024. “A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 28 (2):103-26. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n2.112332.

Harvard

Páramo Fonseca, M. E., Benavides Cabra, C. D. and Garavito Camacho, R. (2024) “A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 28(2), pp. 103–126. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v28n2.112332.

IEEE

[1]
M. E. Páramo Fonseca, C. D. Benavides Cabra, and R. Garavito Camacho, “A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 103–126, Sep. 2024.

MLA

Páramo Fonseca, M. E., C. D. Benavides Cabra, and R. Garavito Camacho. “A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 28, no. 2, Sept. 2024, pp. 103-26, doi:10.15446/esrj.v28n2.112332.

Turabian

Páramo Fonseca, María Eurídice, Cristian David Benavides Cabra, and Renzo Garavito Camacho. “A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 28, no. 2 (September 19, 2024): 103–126. Accessed February 1, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/112332.

Vancouver

1.
Páramo Fonseca ME, Benavides Cabra CD, Garavito Camacho R. A new species of Platypterygius (Ophthalmosauridae) from the lower Barremian of Colombia and assessment of the species composition of the genus. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2024 Sep. 19 [cited 2025 Feb. 1];28(2):103-26. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/112332

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