Published

2025-10-29

Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia

Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., un nuevo mosasaurio de Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n3.117157

Keywords:

Mosasauridae, Plioplatecarpinae, Colombia, Coniacian (en)
Mosasauridae, Plioplatecarpinae, Colombia, Coniaciano (es)

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A new mosasaur specimen found in the Coniacian beds of Lebrija, Santander, Central Colombia, is here described. The new specimen represents a new genus and species of plioplatecarpine mosasaurid that we name Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov. Oneirosaurus is a plioplatecarpine characterized by one character unknown in any other plioplatecarpine: the presence of two external foramina for the exit of nerves X, XI, and XII. It is also distinguished by a combination of characters that includes among others: prefrontal and postorbitofrontal separated at the roof of the orbit; broad frontal, with short triangular surface anterior to the orbits; triangular and broad anterodorsal surface of the parietal contacting the postorbital for a short distance; infrastapedial process of the quadrate robust without being fused to the suprastapedial process; small otosphenoidal crest of prootic not covering the exit of nerve VII; basioccipital canal opening into the floor of the braincase through two large foramina separated by a medial septum; lingual alveolar parapet of dentary lower than labial; marginal teeth crown with subcircular cross-section at base and with two carinae arranged at 180º; and presence of a notch in anterior border of the atlas neural arch. The morphological comparisons and the cladistic analysis show the new taxon as an intermedium plioplatecarpine with phylogenetic proximity to the Colombian species Yaguarasaurus columbianus from the lower Turonian and to the species Ectenosaurus clidastoides from the Santonian-Campanian of the USA. Our phylogenetic results shows tethysaurines and halisaurines as plesiopelvic and plesiopedal groups separated from the hydropelvic and hydropedal derived groups Tylosaurinae, Plioplatecarpinae, and Mosasaurinae.

Se describe un nuevo espécimen de mosasaurio encontrado en capas del Coniaciano en Lebrija, Santander, Centro de Colombia. El nuevo espécimen representa un nuevo género y especie de mosasáurido pliopatecarpino que nosotros nombramos Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov. Oneirosaurus es un plioplatecarpino que se distingue de cualquier otro plioplatecarpino por la presencia de dos forámenes externos para la salida de los nervios X, XI y XII. Oneirosaurus también se distingue por una combinación de caracteres que incluye entre otros: prefrontal y postorbitofrontal separados en el techo de la órbita; frontal ancho, con superficie triangular corta anterior a las órbitas; superficie anterodorsal triangular y ancha del parietal contactando el postorbital por una distancia corta; proceso infraestapedial del cuadrado robusto y sin fusionarse con el proceso supraestapedial; proótico con una pequeña cresta otosfenoidal que no cubre la salida del nervio VII; canal basioccipital abriéndose en el piso del basicráneo a través de dos grandes forámenes separados por un septo medial; dentario con parapeto alveolar lingual más bajo que el labial; corona de los dientes marginales con sección transversal subcircular en la base y con dos carenas dispuestas a 180º; y presencia de una muesca en el borde anterior del arco neural del atlas. Las comparaciones morfológicas y el análisis cladístico muestran al nuevo taxón como un plioplatecarpino intermedio con proximidad filogenética a la especie colombiana Yaguarasaurus columbianus del Turoniano inferior y a la especie Ectenosaurus clidastoides del Santoniano-Campaniano de EUA. Nuestros resultados filogenéticos muestran a los tethysaurinos y halisaurinos como grupos plesiopélvicos y plesiopedales separados de los grupos derivados hydropélvicos e hydropedales Tylosaurinae, Plioplatecarpinae, y Mosasaurinae.

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APA

Páramo Fonseca, M. E., Narváez Rincón, J. A. & Benavides-Cabra, C. D. (2025). Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 29(3), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n3.117157

ACM

[1]
Páramo Fonseca, M.E., Narváez Rincón, J.A. and Benavides-Cabra, C.D. 2025. Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 29, 3 (Oct. 2025), 231–247. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n3.117157.

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Páramo Fonseca, M. E.; Narváez Rincón, J. A.; Benavides-Cabra, C. D. Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia. Earth sci. res. j. 2025, 29, 231-247.

ABNT

PÁRAMO FONSECA, M. E.; NARVÁEZ RINCÓN, J. A.; BENAVIDES-CABRA, C. D. Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 29, n. 3, p. 231–247, 2025. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v29n3.117157. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/117157. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2026.

Chicago

Páramo Fonseca, María Eurídice, José Alejandro Narváez Rincón, and Cristian David Benavides-Cabra. 2025. “Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 29 (3):231-47. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n3.117157.

Harvard

Páramo Fonseca, M. E., Narváez Rincón, J. A. and Benavides-Cabra, C. D. (2025) “Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 29(3), pp. 231–247. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v29n3.117157.

IEEE

[1]
M. E. Páramo Fonseca, J. A. Narváez Rincón, and C. D. Benavides-Cabra, “Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 231–247, Oct. 2025.

MLA

Páramo Fonseca, M. E., J. A. Narváez Rincón, and C. D. Benavides-Cabra. “Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, Oct. 2025, pp. 231-47, doi:10.15446/esrj.v29n3.117157.

Turabian

Páramo Fonseca, María Eurídice, José Alejandro Narváez Rincón, and Cristian David Benavides-Cabra. “Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 29, no. 3 (October 29, 2025): 231–247. Accessed January 2, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/117157.

Vancouver

1.
Páramo Fonseca ME, Narváez Rincón JA, Benavides-Cabra CD. Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 29 [cited 2026 Jan. 2];29(3):231-47. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/117157

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