Published

2023-02-28

Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Características sedimentológicas y su relación con los corrimientos de tierra en la cuenca de Bhilangana, Garhwal Himalaya, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720

Keywords:

Landslide; particle size; clay minerolog; X-ray differaction; slope instability; Garhwal Himalaya; (en)
deslizamiento de tierra; distribución del tamaño del grano; mineralogía de arcillas; difracción de rayos X; inestabilidad de pendiente; Garhwal Himalaya (es)

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Authors

  • Vijendra Pandey Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
  • Milap Chand Sharma Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Every year during the Indian Summer Monsoon, large landslides occur in the Lesser and the Greater Himalayan rock formations, triggered by intense rainfall episodes coupled with physiography and anthropogenic activities. The present study investigates the slope failure mechanism's relationship with slope material compositions. Hence, sediment samples of 25 landslides were collected along the road corridors. These samples were collected from the Lesser and Greater Himalayan ranges and rock formations. The sediment was collected from the active landslides to understand particle size, clay content, moisture content, mineral composition, crystallographic structures, and the influence of geomorphic processes on the landslide failure processes. The samples were analyzed using a sieve, X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to accomplish the study's objectives. The analysis indicates that the Lesser Himalayan meta-sedimentary rock formations have a high composition of fine and medium-size particles, lesser quartz mineral compositions with calcite, and a highly crushed and fractured presence, conchoidal fractures types of morphological features. Micrographs obtained from the schist and phyllite rock of the Lesser Himalayan origin shows highly sheared and crushing, crystal overgrowth; and, in turn, have a higher susceptibility to landslides. The relationship between slope materials and instability has shown a definite pattern in the study area. The debris flow and slump have a comparatively higher percentage of clay and silt compared to debris fall, debris slide, and rockfall. The particle size composition of sediment collected from the slip zone is significantly related to the types of landslides. The present study is helpful in understanding the sediment composition and slope failure mechanism.

Cada año durante el verano monsónico en la India ocurren varios corrimientos de tierra en las formaciones rocosas de Lesser Himalayan y Greater Himalayan desencadenados por las intensas lluvias y afectados por actividades fisiográficas y antropogénicas. Este artículo investiga el mecanismo de falla de taludes y su relación con los materiales que componen el terreno. Con este fin se recolectaron muestras en 25 escenarios de corrimiento a lo largo de los corredores viales. Estas muestras se tomaron en las cordilleras y en las formaciones rocosas del Lesser Himalayan y del Greater Himalayan. El sedimento fue recolectado en corrimientos activos para analizar el tamaño de las partículas, el contenido de arcillas, la proporción de humedad, la composición mineral, las estructuras cristalográficas y la influencia de procesos geomórficos en los procesos de falla de los corrimientos. Las muestras fueron analizadas con cedazo, con difracción de rayos X y con microscopio electrónico de barrido para conseguir el objetivo del estudio. Los análisis indican que las rocas metasedimentarias de la formación del Lesser Himalayan tienen una composición alta de partículas de tamaño fino y medio, composiciones minerales bajas en cuarzo con calcita y una alta presencia de tipos de fracturas concoides, molidas y fracturadas, con características morfológicas. Las micrografías obtenidas de los esquistos y rocas de filita del Lesser Himalayan muestran cristales sobrecrecidos, cortados y molidos. Por ende, estos tienen una mayor susceptibilidad a corrimientos. La relación entre los materiales del terreno y la inestabilidad muestran un patrón definido en el área de estudio. El flujo de detritos y de materiales poco consolidados tienen un porcentaje comparativamente mayor de arcillas y cieno en comparación con los detritos caidos, detritos deslizados y rocas caidas. La composición del tamaño de la partícula del sedimento recolectado en la zona de caida está significativamente relacionado a los tipos de corrimientos. El presente estudio es útil para entender la composición del sedimento y el mecanismo de falla de taludes.

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APA

Pandey, V. and Sharma, M. C. (2022). Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 26(4), 345–358. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720

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[1]
Pandey, V. and Sharma, M.C. 2022. Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 26, 4 (Dec. 2022), 345–358. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720.

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Pandey, V.; Sharma, M. C. Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Earth sci. res. j. 2022, 26, 345-358.

ABNT

PANDEY, V.; SHARMA, M. C. Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 26, n. 4, p. 345–358, 2022. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/94720. Acesso em: 28 mar. 2025.

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Pandey, Vijendra, and Milap Chand Sharma. 2022. “Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 26 (4):345-58. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720.

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Pandey, V. and Sharma, M. C. (2022) “Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 26(4), pp. 345–358. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720.

IEEE

[1]
V. Pandey and M. C. Sharma, “Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 345–358, Dec. 2022.

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Pandey, V., and M. C. Sharma. “Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, Dec. 2022, pp. 345-58, doi:10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720.

Turabian

Pandey, Vijendra, and Milap Chand Sharma. “Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 345–358. Accessed March 28, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/94720.

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1.
Pandey V, Sharma MC. Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2022 Dec. 31 [cited 2025 Mar. 28];26(4):345-58. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/94720

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