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Análisis transversal de especies vegetales del sureste de México, en su uso para enfermedades cardiovasculares
Cross-sectional analysis of plant species from southeastern Mexico, in their use for cardiovascular diseases
Análise transversal de espécies de plantas do sudeste do México, em seu uso para doenças cardiovasculares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v52n1.102840Palabras clave:
enfermedades cardiovasculares, fitoquímica, farmacognosia, medicina tradicional (es)Cardiovascular diseases, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, traditional medicine (en)
Doenças cardiovasculares, farmacognosia, fitoquímica, Medicina tradicional (pt)
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Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son un grupo de trastornos que afectan el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. El desarrollo de las ECV está asociado a factores de riesgo tales como edad, la herencia genética, falta de actividad física, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia. Por su alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, muchas personas recurren a las especies vegetales para tratar sus padecimientos relacionados con ECV, sin embargo, hay pocos documentos que contribuyan a relacionar los usos empíricos con investigación científica documentada. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica que permita hacer un análisis transversal entre el uso en la medicina tradicional y la validez científica de las especies usadas empíricamente en el tratamiento de las ECV. Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva en bases de datos internacionales de las especies usadas en la medicina tradicional del sureste de México para el tratamiento de padecimientos relacionados con ECV; búsqueda información del contenido metabólico y descripción de actividades farmacológicas, metodológica y estadísticamente documentadas y comprobadas. Resultados: se determinó que de un total de 20 especies vegetales sus principales usos son para la disminución de lípidos, hipertensión y prevención. Además, se integraron los estudios fitoquímicos y farmacológicos que sustentan y contribuyen con la investigación de productos naturales en la búsqueda de extractos y/o moléculas bioactivas. Conclusión: las especies vegetales representan una fuente de compuestos con potencial para el tratamiento de ECV. Es necesario que se continúe aportando estudios que puedan establecer nuevos tratamientos, que permitan actualizar el sector farmacéutico y de la salud.
Introduction: the cardiovascular diseases (CD) are disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. The development of CD is associated with risk factors such as age, genetic inheritance, lack of physical activity, smoking, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. Due to its high incidence worldwide, many people turn to plant species to treat their CD-related ailments, however, there are few reports that contribute to linking empirical uses with scientific research. Objective: to describe the information in databases to make a cross-sectional analysis between folk medicine and scientific studies of plant species empirically used in the treatment of CD. Methodology: an exhaustive bibliographic review was carried out in manuscripts from international databases (ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO) of the species used in traditional medicine of southeastern Mexico for the treatment of CD-related diseases. It was using key words as “cardiovascular disease, traditional medicine, Mexico” and was including search of the metabolic profile and pharmacology activities reported, methodologically and statistically proven. Results: it was determined that out of 20 plant species, their main uses are for lipid lowering, hypertension and cardiovascular prevention. In addition, phytochemical and pharmacological studies that support and contribute to the search for extracts and/or bioactive molecules from natural products were integrated. Conclusion: plant species represent a source of compounds with potential for the treatment of CD. It is necessary to continue providing studies that can establish new treatments, which allow modernizing the pharmaceutical area and health sector.
Introdução: as doenças cardiovasculares (DC) são distúrbios que afetam o coração e os vasos sanguíneos. O desenvolvimento da DC está associado a fatores de risco como idade, herança genética, inatividade física, tabagismo, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia. Devido à sua alta incidência em todo o mundo, muitas pessoas recorrem a espécies vegetais para tratar suas doenças relacionadas à DC, no entanto, existem poucos relatos que contribuam para vincular usos empíricos com pesquisas científicas. Objetivo: descrever as informações em bancos de dados para fazer uma análise transversal entre a medicina popular e os estudos científicos de espécies vegetais utilizadas empiricamente no tratamento da DC. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica exaustiva em manuscritos de bancos de dados internacionais (ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO) das espécies utilizadas na medicina tradicional do sudeste do México para o tratamento de doenças relacionadas à DC. Ele estava usando palavras-chave como “doença cardiovascular, medicina tradicional, México” e estava incluindo a pesquisa do perfil metabólico e atividades farmacológicas relatadas, comprovadas metodológica e estatisticamente. Resultados: determinou-se que de 20 espécies de plantas, seus principais usos são para redução de lipídios, hipertensão e prevenção cardiovascular. Além disso, foram integrados estudos fitoquímicos e farmacológicos que subsidiam e contribuem para a busca de extratos e/ou moléculas bioativas de produtos naturais. Conclusão: As espécies vegetais representam uma fonte de compostos com potencial para o tratamento da DC. É necessário continuar a fornecer estudos que possam estabelecer novos tratamentos, que permitam modernizar a área farmacêutica e o setor da saúde.
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