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Three-dimensional printing in pharmaceutical sciences: A review on the benefits, developments, applications, and technological challenges
Impresión tridimensional en ciencias farmacéuticas: una revisión de los beneficios, desarrollos, aplicaciones y desafíos tecnológicos
Impressão tridimensional nas ciências farmacêuticas: uma revisão sobre os benefícios, desenvolvimentos, aplicações e desafios tecnológicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v55n2.125063Palabras clave:
Three-dimensional printing, polypill, personalized medicine (en)Impresión tridimensional, polipíldora, medicina personalizada (es)
Impressão tridimensional, polipílula, medicina personalizada (pt)
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Introduction: Three-dimensional printing (3DP), also known as additive manufacturing, has emerged as a transformative technology in the pharmaceutical industry. It enables the fabrication of complex drug delivery systems and personalized dosage forms via precise layer-by-layer material deposition. This technology has numerous advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, including greater control over drug dosage, geometry, and release characteristics. Objective: This review aims to explore the benefits, technological developments, pharmaceutical applications, and major challenges associated with the implementation of three-dimensional printing in pharmaceutical sciences. Method: A narrative review approach was used based on previously published literature on 3D printing technologies in pharmaceutical research and drug delivery systems. Relevant research on various 3D printing methods, applications in the creation of dosage forms, and regulatory factors was examined. Results: The study found that several 3D printing technologies, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), pressure-assisted microsyringe technology (PAM), stereolithography (SLA), and selective laser sintering (SLS), have been successfully used in pharmaceutical development. These technologies enable the creation of personalized medicines, polypills with multiple active ingredients, controlled-release formulations, transdermal systems, implants, and microneedle devices. Furthermore, 3DP allows for rapid prototyping, reduces material waste, and makes it easier to design patient-specific dosage forms based on individual needs. Regardless of these benefits, several technological and regulatory challenges persist, such as limitations in printable drug-polymer combinations, scalability problems, quality control requirements, and the lack of standardized regulatory systems. Conclusions: Three-dimensional printing is a promising and innovative platform that has the potential to revolutionize pharmaceutical manufacturing and delivery. Continued multidisciplinary studies, innovations in technology, and regulatory development are required to assist 3DP in successfully navigating the transition from laboratory-scale experimentation to regular pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Introducción: La impresión tridimensional (3DP), también conocida como fabricación aditiva, ha surgido como una tecnología transformadora en la industria farmacéutica. Permite la fabricación de sistemas complejos de administración de fármacos y formas farmacéuticas personalizadas mediante la deposición precisa de material capa por capa. Esta tecnología presenta numerosas ventajas sobre los métodos de fabricación tradicionales, incluyendo un mayor control sobre la dosis del fármaco, la geometría y las características de liberación. Objetivo: Esta revisión tiene como objetivo explorar los beneficios, los desarrollos tecnológicos, las aplicaciones farmacéuticas y los principales desafíos asociados con la implementación de la impresión tridimensional en las ciencias farmacéuticas. Método: Se utilizó un enfoque de revisión narrativa basado en literatura previamente publicada sobre tecnologías de impresión 3D en investigación farmacéutica y sistemas de liberación de fármacos. Se examinó investigación relevante sobre diversos métodos de impresión 3D, aplicaciones en la creación de formas farmacéuticas y factores regulatorios. Resultados: El estudio encontró que varias tecnologías de impresión 3D, incluyendo el modelado por deposición fundida (FDM), la tecnología de microsiringa asistida por presión (PAM), la estereolitografía (SLA) y la sinterización selectiva por láser (SLS), se han utilizado con éxito en el desarrollo farmacéutico. Estas tecnologías permiten la creación de medicamentos personalizados, polipíldoras con múltiples ingredientes activos, formulaciones de liberación controlada, sistemas transdérmicos, implantes y dispositivos de microagujas. Además, la impresión 3D permite el prototipado rápido, reduce el desperdicio de materiales y facilita el diseño de formas farmacéuticas específicas para cada paciente según sus necesidades individuales. A pesar de estos beneficios, persisten varios desafíos tecnológicos y regulatorios, como las limitaciones en las combinaciones imprimibles de fármaco-polímero, problemas de escalabilidad, requisitos de control de calidad y la falta de sistemas regulatorios estandarizados. Conclusiones: La impresión tridimensional es una plataforma prometedora e innovadora que tiene el potencial de revolucionar la fabricación y la administración farmacéutica. Se requieren estudios multidisciplinarios continuos, innovaciones tecnológicas y el desarrollo regulatorio para apoyar la transición exitosa de la impresión 3D desde la experimentación a escala de laboratorio hacia la fabricación farmacéutica convencional.
Introdução: A impressão tridimensional (3DP), também conhecida como manufatura aditiva, surgiu como uma tecnologia transformadora na indústria farmacêutica. Ela permite a fabricação de sistemas complexos de liberação de fármacos e formas farmacêuticas personalizadas por meio da deposição precisa de material camada por camada. Essa tecnologia apresenta diversas vantagens em relação aos métodos tradicionais de fabricação, incluindo maior controle sobre a dose do fármaco, a geometria e as características de liberação. Objetivo: Esta revisão tem como objetivo explorar os benefícios, os avanços tecnológicos, as aplicações farmacêuticas e os principais desafios associados à implementação da impressão tridimensional nas ciências farmacêuticas. Método: Foi utilizada uma abordagem de revisão narrativa baseada em literatura previamente publicada sobre tecnologias de impressão 3D na pesquisa farmacêutica e em sistemas de liberação de fármacos. Foram examinados estudos relevantes sobre diferentes métodos de impressão 3D, aplicações na criação de formas farmacêuticas e fatores regulatórios. Resultados: O estudo constatou que várias tecnologias de impressão 3D, incluindo modelagem por deposição fundida (FDM), tecnologia de microsseringa assistida por pressão (PAM), estereolitografia (SLA) e sinterização seletiva a laser (SLS), têm sido utilizadas com sucesso no desenvolvimento farmacêutico. Essas tecnologias permitem a criação de medicamentos personalizados, polipílulas com múltiplos ingredientes ativos, formulações de liberação controlada, sistemas transdérmicos, implantes e dispositivos de microagulhas. Além disso, a impressão 3D permite prototipagem rápida, reduz o desperdício de materiais e facilita o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas específicas para cada paciente, de acordo com suas necessidades individuais. Apesar desses benefícios, ainda existem vários desafios tecnológicos e regulatórios, como limitações nas combinações imprimíveis de fármaco-polímero, problemas de escalabilidade, exigências de controle de qualidade e a falta de sistemas regulatórios padronizados. Conclusões: A impressão tridimensional é uma plataforma promissora e inovadora que possui potencial para revolucionar a fabricação e a administração farmacêutica. Estudos multidisciplinares contínuos, inovações tecnológicas e o desenvolvimento regulatório são necessários para apoiar a transição bem-sucedida da impressão 3D da experimentação em escala laboratorial para a fabricação farmacêutica convencional.
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