Digitaria insularis control by using herbicide mixtures application in soybean pre-emergence
Control de Digitaria insularis por medio de la aplicación de mezclas de herbicidas en la pre-emergercia de la soya
Keywords:
Weeds, Herbicides resistance, Sourgrass, Antagonism, Synthetic auxinic, Herbicides (en)Malezas, Resistencia a los herbicidas, Pasto amargo, Antagonismo, Auxinas sintéticas (es)
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Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is one of the main weeds in the soybean crop. In order to control its growth, an increase of herbicide rates is required to simplify its management as it a plant with high vegetative capacity and seed production. It implies to select the herbicide-resistent Digitaria insularis biotypes. Nevertheless, some information is still contrasting the antagonist of synthetic auxinic herbicides, associated with glyphosate and ACCase inhibitors mixtures, for the control of weeds resistant or tolerant to herbicides. This study aimed to evaluate the D. insularis control, with a mixture of herbicides applied in soybean pre-emergence, with sequential application in soybean post-emergence, and to check possible antagonism between ACCase inhibitors herbicides with synthetic auxins and other latifolicides. The experiment was conducted in Palotina, Paraná (Brazil) and Corpus Christi, Canindeyú, (Paraguay.) The treatments consisted of associations of glyphosate, ACCase inhibitors (clethodim, haloxyfop), and latifolicides (2,4-D, triclopyr, dicamba, carfentrazone, saflufenacil, chlorimuron). A randomized block design was used. Only in Palotina, the weed control was satisfactory after sequential application in post-emergence. An antagonism for all synthetic auxins was observed with glyphosate+clethodim or haloxyfop mixtures, in both locations. As a result, in Palotina an efficacious control of perennial D. insularis was found in pre-emergence burndown for some mixtures such as glyphosate+ACCase inhibitor added to carfentrazone, saflufenacil, or chlorimuron. Antagonism was observed for all synthetic auxins, in both locations. In Corpus Christi, the herbicide associations were not effective, even with the postemergence application in soybean of glyphosate+clethodim. With ineffective control for treatments composed with synthetic auxins, the post-emergence application in soybean increased the weed control with satisfactory final controls for all treatments.
El pasto amargo (Digitaria insularis) es una de las principales malezas en el cultivo de soya. Para controlar su crecimiento, se requiere un aumento de las tasas de herbicida para simplificar su manejo al ser una planta con alta capacidad vegetativa y producción de semillas. Esto implica seleccionar los biotipos de Digitaria insularis resistentes a herbicidas Sin embargo, aún existe cierta información contrastante que considera el antagonismo de los herbicidas auxínicos sintéticos en las mezclas con inhibidores de ACCase y glifosato, para el control de malezas resistentes o tolerantes a los herbicidas. El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el control de D. insularis con mezclas de herbicidas aplicados en la pre-emergencia y pos-emergencia del cultivo de soya y se verificó el posible antagonismo entre los herbicidas inhibidores de ACCase con auxinas sintéticas y otros latifolicidas. El experimento se realizó en Palotina, Paraná, (Brasil) y Corpus Christi, Canindeyú (Paraguay). Los tratamientos consistieron en mezclas de glifosato, inhibidores de ACCase (cletodim, haloxifop) y latifolicidas (2,4-D, triclopir, dicamba, carfentrazona, saflufenacil, clorimurón). Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar. El control de arvenses fue satisfactorio sólo en Palotina después de la aplicación secuencial en pos-emergencia. Allí se observó un control efectivo de D. insularis en la pre-emergencia, para algunas mezclas que presentaron glifosato+ACCase+carfentrazona, saflufenacil o clorimurón. Se observó antagonismo para todas las auxinas sintéticas en ambas ubicaciones. En Corpus Christi las mezclas de herbicidas no fueron efectivas, incluso con la aplicación de glifosato+cletodim en la pos-emergencia de soya. Aunque se obtuvo un control ineficaz para tratamientos compuestos con auxinas sintéticas, la aplicación en pos-emergencia de soya aumentó el nivel de control, con resultados finales satisfactorios para todos los tratamientos.
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