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Supplemented grazing in Jersey-Holstein cows on two farms in the middle tropics of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Pastoreo de vacas mestizas jersey en dos altitudes del Valle del Cauca, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v72n1.116207Keywords:
animal behavior, biological efficiency, milk production, rotational grazing (en)comportamiento animal, eficiencia biológica, producción lechera, pastoreo rotacional (es)
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In Colombia, dairy production systems in the mid-altitude tropics rely on grazing and minimal concentrate supplementation. This approach is primarily driven by cost considerations and the need to avoid forage substitution with concentrates. Using rotational grazing on star grass pastures (Cynodon plectostachyus) and supplementation with commercial concentrates, animal performance was monitored based on milk yield (liters-cow.day-¹) and daily dry matter intake (DMI.day-¹) in Jersey-Holstein (Jer-Hol) cows.
The study involved 15 cows per farm, with an average parity of 4 ± 2, at Finca Canadá (FC) (1,500 MASL) and Finca Chiquique (FCH) (980 MASL) in the Valle del Cauca region. Over nine weeks, the grazing behavior of the cows was observed every eight days for 24 hours. On average, across the two environments, cows spent 35.10% of the day grazing (CG), 31.10% ruminating (CR), 22.60% neither grazing nor ruminating (CNGNR), 1.75% drinking (CD), and 9.45% in milking (CM). Bite rate (BR) and chews per bolus (ChB) averaged 23 and 48 per minute, respectively, across both environments.
The relative forage value (RFV) was low, at 85 and 82 for FC and FCH, respectively. Milk yield per cow was estimated at 18.00 and 14.80 kg cow.day-¹, with DMI at 15.50 and 13.70 kg cow.day-¹. These values reflect a biological efficiency of 1.16 and 1.08 liters of milk per kilogram of DMI for FC and FCH, respectively.
En Colombia, los sistemas de producción lechera, en el trópico medio, dependen del pastoreo y suplementación con concentrado, en cantidad mínima, por costo y para no hacer sustitución de forraje por concentrado. Con base en pastoreo rotacional en pastizales de estrella Cynodon plectostachyus y suplemento de concentrado comercial, se monitoreó el comportamiento animal con base en la relación producción de leche (litros-vaca.día-1) y la ingesta de materia seca por día (IMS.d-1) en vacas Jersey-Holstein (Jer-Hol).
Se utilizó vacas de 4 ± 2 partos, 15 vacas.finca-1, en Finca Canadá (FC) (1.500 m s. n. m.) y Finca Chiquique (FCH) (980 m s. n. m.), en el Valle del Cauca respectivamente. Se observó durante 24 horas cada 8 días por 9 semanas el comportamiento en pastoreo y se determinó que, de las 24 horas del día en promedio, para los dos ambientes, las vacas pastaron (VP) 35,10%, rumiaron (VR) 31,10%, no pastorearon ni rumiaron (VNPNR) 22,60%, vacas bebiendo (VB) 1,75% y en ordeño (VO) 9,45% del día respectivamente.
La toma de bocado (TB) y rumia por bolo (RB) en promedio para los dos ambientes fue 23 y 48 por minuto, respectivamente. El valor relativo del forraje (VRF) fue bajo, en 85 y 82 para FC y FCH, respectivamente. El desempeño lácteo por vaca se estimó en 18,00 y 14,80 kg vaca.día-1 y CMS de 15,50 y 13,70 kg. vaca.día-1, ello supone una eficiencia biológica de 1,16 y 1,08 litros de leche por kilo en CMS para FC y FCH, respectivamente.
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1. Sanín Ortiz Grisales . (2025). Botón de oro Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray: de la biodiversidad silvestre al recurso cultivado sostenible. Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria, 29(Suplemento II) https://doi.org/10.53897/RevAIA.25.29.53.
2. Fernando Morales Vallecilla . (2025). Diseños de ganaderías sostenibles con eficiencia productiva, económica y trabajo colaborativo en el suroccidente de Colombia. Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria, 29(Suplemento II) https://doi.org/10.53897/RevAIA.25.29.52.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Cristian Camilo Solarte Bacca, Sanín Ortiz Grisales , Fernando Morales Vallecilla
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