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Influence of A1/A2 allelic variants of the CSN2 gene on milk composition and production in Holstein cows from Nariño, Colombia
Influencia de las variantes alélicas A1/A2 del gen CSN2 sobre la composición y producción lechera en vacas Holstein en Nariño, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v72n2.118078Keywords:
β-casomorphin, β-casein, milk composition, molecular marker (en)β-casomorfina, β-caseína, composición láctea, marcador molecular (es)
Alergia ao leite, Betacaseína, composição do leite, Frísio Holstein (pt)
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This study aimed to determine the allelic frequency and the effects of the A1 and A2 variants of the CSN2 gene on milk production and quality in Holstein cows from
five municipalities in Nariño, Colombia. Productive and compositional milk data
were collected from 200 cows across 10 herds located in Pupiales, Pasto, Gualmatán,
Guachucal, and Túquerres. The A1 and A2 variants of the CSN2 gene were identified through allele-specific PCR using DNA extracted from blood samples. Associations
between genotypes and milk production and composition traits were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed allele frequencies of 0.46 for A1 and 0.54 for A2, and genotype frequencies of 0.23 (A1A1), 0.46 (A1A2), and 0.31 (A2A2). Observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.46, expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.47, and
the polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.37. Cows with the A1A1 genotype produced significantly more milk and total solids than A2A2 cows (p < 0.05). The A1 allele was associated with significantly higher yields of milk, fat, and protein (p < 0.05). A discriminant analysis revealed differentiation by municipality, suggesting that environmental factors influence variability in milk production and composition. It is concluded that the A1 allele is present at a moderately high frequency and is associated with enhanced productive traits in Holstein cows in the Department of Nariño. Therefore, the use of A2A2 genotype bulls with high genetic merit for productive traits is recommended, with the additional aim of promoting potential health benefits for milk consumers.
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia alélica y el efecto de las variantes A1/A2 del gen CSN2 sobre producción y calidad de la leche en vacas Holstein provenientes de cinco municipios de Nariño, Colombia. Se analizaron datos productivos y composicionales de la leche de 200 vacas de 10 hatos ubicados en Pupiales, Pasto, Gualmatán, Guachucal y Túquerres. Las variantes A1 y A2 del gen CSN2 se identificaron mediante PCR alelo-específico a partir del ADN extraído de sangre. La asociación entre los genotipos y las características productivas y composicionales de la leche se evaluó mediante ANOVA. Los resultados mostraron frecuencias alélicas de 0,46 para A1 y 0,54 para A2, y genotípicas de 0,23 (A1A1), 0.46 (A1A2) y 0,31 (A2A2), con valores de heterocigosidad observada (Ho) de 0,46, heterocigosidad esperada (He) de 0,47 y un contenido de información polimorfico (CIP) de 0,37. Las vacas con genotipo A1A1 produjeron significativamente más leche y sólidos totales que las vacas A2A2 (p < 0,05). El alelo A1 se asoció con mayores rendimientos (p < 0,05) de leche, grasa y proteína. Según un análisis discriminante, se observó diferenciación por municipio, sugiriendo que factores ambientales influyen en la variabilidad de la producción y composición de la leche. Se concluye que el alelo A1 está presente en una frecuencia moderadamente alta y además está asociado con aumento en las características productivas evaluadas en vacas Holstein del Departamento de Nariño, por lo que se sugiere usar toros con genotipo A2A2 de alto valor genético.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Abel de Jesús Rivera Córdoba, Juan Carlos Zambrano Arteaga, Yaneth Gabriela Misnaza Rodriguez, Kelly Johana Oliva Oliva, Angie Vanesa Muñoz Cano, Pedro Alexander Velasquez Vasconez, Jesús Adriano Romo Ramos
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