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DETERMINACIÓN DEL SEXO MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS DE CLASIFICACIÓN SUPERVISADA
SEX DETERMINATION IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY USING SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v9n1.80641Keywords:
Clasificación supervisada, dimorfismo sexual, ı́ndice canino, odontometrı́a. (es)Canine index, odontometry, supervised classification, sexual dimorphism (en)
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Los dientes, componentes esenciales del sistema estomatognático, constituyen un excelente
material para investigaciones paleontológicas, arqueológicas, antropológicas, genéticas y forenses, merced a
su fácil accesibilidad, examen, registro y estructura casi indestructible. La información referente a su tamaño
y caracterı́sticas ha resultado de suma utilidad en la determinación del sexo y en el propio proceso de
identificación humana. Este estudio buscó verificar si el ı́ndice canino maxilar, era un instrumento confiable
y válido para la determinación del sexo, en una muestra uruguaya. Se trató de un análisis odontométrico
de 481 modelos superiores de yeso (243 de sujetos del sexo masculino y 238 del femenino), de pacientes con
edades comprendidas entre 18 y 60 años, asistidos en una clı́nica de ortodoncia de la ciudad de Montevideo,
Uruguay, consistente en las mediciones del diámetro mesiodistal de los caninos y la distancia intercanina
superiores, y el cálculo del correspondiente ı́ndice canino maxilar. Se compararon tres técnicas de clasificación
del sexo, el ı́ndice canino maxilar y dos métodos de clasificación supervisada (árbol de clasificación y árbol
particionado recursivo), buscando verificar qué método era el más adecuado para la determinación del sexo,
en una muestra uruguaya. Los modelos mostraron una performance de 52 %, 77 % y 69 % respectivamente.
Se concluyó que los modelos estadı́sticos de clasificación supervisada, permitieron realizar una determinación
del sexo de manera más fidedigna que el método de discriminación convencional.
Teeth, essential components of stomatognatrhic system, constitute an excellent material for
paleontological, archaeological, anthropological, genetic and forensic researches by virtue of their easy acces-
sibility, examination, registration and almost indestructible structure. Information regarding their size and
characteristics has been extremely useful in determining sex and in the process of human identification itself.
This survey was an odontometric analysis of 481 upper dental stone casts (243 from males and 238 from
females), of patients aged between 18 and 60 years, assisted in one orthodontic clinic of Montevideo, Uru-
guay, consisting of measurements of upper mesiodistal diameter of canines and intercanine distance.Three
sex classification techniques were compared, the maxillary canine index and two supervised classification
methods (classification tree and recursive partitioned tree), seeking to verify which method was the most
suitable for the determination of sex, in a Uruguayan sample. The models showed a performance of 52 %,
77 % and 69 % respectively. It was concluded that the statistical models of supervised classification allowed
a determination of the sex in a more reliable way than the discrimination method.
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