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SOIL CORRECTION AND Azospirillum brasilense: STRATEGIES IN THE CULTIVATION OF MAIZE GENOTYPES IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS
Corrección de suelos y Azospirillum brasilense: estrategias en el cultivo de genotipos de maíz en regiones semiáridas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v29n2.108885Palabras clave:
inoculation of non-legumes, nutrients accumulated, plant growth promoting bacteria, Zea mays L. (en)inoculación de no leguminosas, nutrientes acumulados, bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal, Zea mays L. (es)
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The replacement of Caatinga by extensive agriculture has led to soil degradation in maize (Zea mays L.) growing areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil correction in association with Azospirillum brasiliense to replace nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the vegetative growth of two maize genotypes cultivated on degraded soil. The soil was collected in an area undergoing desertification in Irauçuba, Ceará state, Brazil. A 2x2x5 factorial experiment was carried out in blocks: two soil fertility levels (corrected and uncorrected soil in terms of fertility), two maize genotypes (BRS Caimbé and BRS Gorutuba), and five nitrogen sources (control, inoculation with A. brasilense, inoculation with A. brasilense + 50 kg ha-1 of N, 50 kg ha-1 of N, and 100 kg ha-1 of N). BRS Gorutuba genotype showed greater adaptability to the growing conditions evaluated. However, macronutrient concentration did not affect maize dry matter yield. The response of maize inoculated with A. brasiliense suggests the inoculation efficacy, supported by the N accumulation and the effect on plant growth. The dry matter yield in A. brasilense inoculated plants was equivalent to using N fertilizer. Therefore, the inoculation of BRS Gorutuba maize grown on degraded soil with A. brasilense is a promising alternative for farmers in semi-arid regions.
La sustitución de la Caatinga por la agricultura extensiva ha provocado la degradación del suelo en zonas donde se cultiva maíz (Zea mays L.). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la corrección del suelo en asociación con Azospirillum brasiliense para reemplazar el fertilizante nitrogenado (N) en el crecimiento vegetativo de dos genotipos de maíz cultivados en suelo degradado. El suelo se recolectó en un área en proceso de desertificación en Irauçuba, Ceará, Brasil. Se realizó un experimento factorial 2x2x5 en bloques: dos niveles de fertilidad del suelo (suelo corregido y no corregido en términos de fertilidad), dos genotipos de maíz (BRS Caimbé y BRS Gorutuba) y cinco fuentes de nitrógeno (testigo, inoculación con A. brasilense, inoculación con A. brasilense + 50 kg ha-1 de N, 50 kg ha-1 de N y 100 kg ha-1 de N). El genotipo BRS Gorutuba mostró mayor adaptabilidad a las condiciones de crecimiento evaluadas. Sin embargo, la concentración de macronutrientes no afectó el rendimiento de materia seca del maíz. La respuesta del maíz inoculado con A. brasiliense sugiere la eficacia de la inoculación, que se soporta en la acumulación de N y el efecto sobre el crecimiento de la planta. El rendimiento de materia seca de las plantas inoculadas fue equivalente al uso de fertilizante nitrogenado. Por lo tanto, la inoculación de maíz BRS Gorutuba cultivado en suelo degradado con A. brasilense es una alternativa promisoria para los agricultores en regiones semiáridas.
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