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Morphological deformations in Chironomus plumosus (Diptera: Chironomidae) at Santa Catarina River, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
Deformaciones morfológicas en Chironomus plumosus (Diptera: Chironomidae) del Río Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v31n1.116551Palabras clave:
Bioindicator, Chironomids, Ecotoxicology, Storm drainage, Water pollution (en)Bioindicador, Contaminación de agua, Drenaje pluvial, Ecotoxicología, Quironómidos (es)
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The Santa Catarina River (SCR) is considered an urban forest within the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA); however, the impacts of contaminants detected in this system on local fauna remain largely unknown. These contaminants include heavy metals, organic pollutants, and medical residues originating from stormwater runoff and clandestine discharges. This study evaluated the temporal stability of toxicity at the study site using the macroinvertebrate Chironomus plumosus as bioindicator determining the differential susceptibility of four anatomical structures (mentum, pecten epipharyngis, mandibles, and antennae). A Chi-square test confirmed the temporal stability of mentum deformities (28-48 %) across the sampling dates ( = 5.30, p = 0.151), indicating chronic and constant exposure. However, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences in vulnerability among structures (F = 64.85, p < 0.001). The pecten epipharyngis exhibited the highest damage frequency (91.2 %), significantly exceeding the mentum (43.8 %), whereas the mandibles (7.0 %) and antennae (6.5 %) were the most conserved structures. Although the mentum is a reliable indicator, the pecten epipharyngis appears to exhibit a greater response to environmental stress, suggesting it as a more sensitive biomarker. It is recommended to adopt a multi-structural approach in future biomonitoring programs and to conduct tissue-level toxicological analyses to validate these findings.
El Río Santa Catarina (SCR) es considerado un bosque urbano para la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey (MZM). Actualmente se desconocen los impactos hacia la fauna que representan los contaminantes detectados en el río, como metales pesados, contaminantes orgánicos y residuos médicos provenientes de descargas pluviales o clandestinas. Este estudio evaluó la estabilidad temporal de la toxicidad en el sitio de estudio utilizando como bioindicador al macroinvertebrado Chironomus plumosus determinando la susceptibilidad diferencial de cuatro estructuras anatómicas (mentón, pecten epifaríngeo, mandíbulas y antenas). Mediante una prueba de Chi-cuadrado, se confirmó la estabilidad temporal de las deformidades en el mentón (28-48 %) a lo largo de las fechas de muestreo ( = 5,30, p = 0,151), indicando una exposición crónica y constante. Sin embargo, un Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) reveló diferencias altamente significativas en la vulnerabilidad entre estructuras (F = 64,85, p < 0,001). El pecten epifaríngeo presentó la mayor frecuencia de daño (91,2 %), superando significativamente al mentón (43,8 %), mientras que las mandíbulas (7,0 %) y antenas (6,5 %) fueron las más conservadas. Aunque el mentón es un indicador confiable, el pecten epifaríngeo exhibe una respuesta aparentemente mayor al estrés ambiental, sugiriéndolo como un biomarcador más sensible. Se recomienda adoptar un enfoque multi-estructural en futuros biomonitoreos y realizar análisis toxicológicos a nivel tisular para validar estos hallazgos.
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