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Electrobiorremediación de cutting para la biodegradación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos
Electrobioremediation of cutting for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Palabras clave:
Biorremediación, Comunidad bacteriana, Metales pesados, Residuos de la explotación petrolera (es)Bacterial community, Bioremediation, Heavy metals, Oil exploration waste (en)
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La creciente demanda de productos petrolíferos ha generado residuos propios de la explotación petrolera, entre los cuales destaca el cutting, una matriz compleja que contiene, entre otros componentes, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) y metales pesados. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia de la electrobiorremediación (EB) para degradar HAP en una muestra de cutting, analizando la influencia de la adición de nutrientes, los parámetros fisicoquímicos y el contenido de metales pesados sobre el comportamiento de la comunidad bacteriana autóctona. Se realizaron experimentos a escala de laboratorio durante 60 días, empleando cubas electroquímicas con un voltaje constante de 0,5 V cm-1. Se compararon sistemas de EB con y sin adición de nutrientes (nitrógeno y fósforo) en una relación C:N:P de 100:1:0,1. Se determinaron los HAP, metales pesados, recuento de bacterias, identificación por FAMEs y análisis de la comunidad bacteriana por DGGE. Los resultados mostraron una degradación efectiva de los HAP en las cubas con nutrientes, con tasas de entre 15 % y 91 %. A los 60 días, la eliminación fue mayor en los sitios A3 y B3. La presencia de concentraciones elevadas de bario no afectó a la comunidad bacteriana autóctona del suelo, que se mantuvo en condiciones óptimas para la degradación. Las propiedades químicas (conductividad, iones inorgánicos, pH, humedad y temperatura) y los cambios en la estructura de la comunidad microbiana desempeñaron un papel crucial en la explicación de la degradación dentro de las cubas.
The increasing demand for petroleum products has resulted in harmful environmental consequences, including the generation of oil exploitation waste, such as cuttings. Cuttings are complex matrices containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of electrobioremediation (EB) for PAH degradation in cutting samples, analyzing the influence of physicochemical parameters, heavy metal content, and the behavior of the indigenous bacterial community. A laboratory-scale electrochemical cell was used to treat cutting samples. For 60 days, cutting samples without nutrients and those enriched with nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) at a C:N:P ratio of 100:1:0.1 were treated using EB cells with a constant voltage gradient of 0.5 V cm-1. PAHs and heavy metals analyses, bacterial enumeration, identification via FAMEs, and analysis of the bacterial community by DGGE were performed. EB treatment showed effective PAH degradation compared to control systems, achieving degradation rates ranging from 15 % to 91 % in the EB system with nutrient addition. After 60 days of treatment, higher PAH removal was observed at sites near the electrodes (A3 and B3). Elevated barium concentrations did not adversely affect the indigenous bacterial community, which remained in optimal conditions for degradation. Chemical properties (conductivity, inorganic ions, pH, moisture, and temperature) and changes in the microbial community structure were fundamental to explain the degradation in different systems.
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