Publicado

2026-09-01

Promoción del crecimiento en algodón por bacterias endófitas diazotróficas

Cotton growth promotion by diazotrophic endophytic bacteria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v31n2.122572

Palabras clave:

Biofertilizante, Bioinoculantes, Gossypium hirsutum (es)
Biofertilizers, Bioinoculants, Gossypium hirsutum (en)

Archivos adicionales

Autores/as

Las bacterias endófitas pueden estimular la absorción de nutrientes y el crecimiento vegetal mediante mecanismos bioquímicos y fisiológicos; sin embargo, aún son limitados los estudios en el algodonero (Gossypium hirsutum L.), cultivo de alta relevancia económica en Brasil. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue aislar, caracterizar y evaluar cepas diazotróficas de vida libre, determinando su potencial funcional in vitro. Se obtuvieron 77 cepas a partir de tres variedades cultivadas en Sapezal-MT (TMG47B2RF, TMG44B2RF y FM985GLTP), utilizando los medios NFb (medio semisólido libre de nitrógeno) y YMA (agar extracto de levadura-manitol). Las cepas fueron evaluadas en fijación de nitrógeno, producción de ácido indolacético (AIA), solubilización de fosfato y silicato de potasio, y promoción de crecimiento in vitro en TMG47B2RF con 50 % de la dosis recomendada de N, en diseño completamente aleatorizado con tres repeticiones. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis multivariado. De las cepas evaluadas, 61 presentaron fijación de N y 20 produjeron AIA por encima de 3,87 µg.mL⁻¹. Se destacaron en pruebas específicas: AL263 (AIA), AL046 (K₂SiO₄) y AL226 (N y Ca₃(PO₄)₂). El análisis multivariado identificó a AL232 y AL039 como las más promisorias, promoviendo incrementos significativos en la biomasa aérea y radicular, incluso con reducción del 50 % de N, con desempeño comparable al control con 100 % de N y a Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5. Estos resultados demuestran que cepas endófitas nativas multifuncionales pueden sostener el crecimiento del algodonero bajo menor fertilización nitrogenada, evidenciando su potencial como base para el desarrollo de bioinoculantes más eficientes y sostenibles.

Endophytic bacteria can stimulate nutrient uptake and plant growth through diverse biochemical and physiological mechanisms; however, studies in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a crop of high economic relevance in Brazil, remain limited. In this context, the objective of this study was to isolate, characterize, and evaluate free-living diazotrophic strains, determining their functional potential in vitro. A total of 77 strains were obtained from three cultivars grown in Sapezal-MT (TMG47B2RF, TMG44B2RF, and FM985GLTP), using NFb medium (nitrogen-free semi-solid medium) and YMA (yeast extract mannitol agar). The strains were evaluated for nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate and potassium silicate solubilization, and in vitro plant growth promotion in TMG47B2RF under 50 % of the recommended N dose, in a completely randomized design with three replications. Data were subjected to multivariate analysis. Among the evaluated strains, 61 showed nitrogen fixation ability and 20 produced IAA above 3.87 µg.mL⁻¹. Strains AL263 (IAA), AL046 (K₂SiO₄), and AL226 (N and Ca₃(PO₄)₂) stood out. Multivariate analysis identified AL232 and AL039 as the most promising strains, promoting significant increases in shoot and root biomass even under 50 % N reduction, with performance comparable to the 100 % N control and to Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5. These results demonstrate that native multifunctional endophytic strains can sustain cotton growth under reduced nitrogen fertilization, highlighting their potential as a basis for the development of more efficient and sustainable bioinoculants.

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Promoción del crecimiento en algodón por bacterias endófitas diazotróficas. (2026). Acta Biológica Colombiana, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v31n2.122572