Publicado

2026-05-19

Variabilidad fenotípica de accesiones de caupí Vigna unguiculata del Banco de Germoplasma del INIA

Phenotypic variability of cowpea accessions Vigna unguiculata from the INIA Germplasm Bank.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v31n1.123378

Palabras clave:

Accesiones, Amazonía peruana, Descriptores agromorfológicos, Evaluación multivariada, Leguminosas tropicales (es)
Accessions, Agromorphological descriptors, Amazonian Peru, Multivariate evaluation, Tropical legumes (en)

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El caupí (Vigna unguiculata) es un cultivo transitorio adaptado a climas tropicales y subtropicales, clave en la seguridad alimentaria. En este contexto, el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) en 2021 implementó la colección de leguminosas tropicales para su propagación, conservación y estudio. Este estudio evaluó su variabilidad fenotípica e identificó accesiones promisorias mediante descriptores agromorfológicos. En 2022-2023 se evaluaron 23 accesiones con 10 descriptores (7 cuantitativos y 3 cualitativos); se detectó variación sólo en tres descriptores, mientras que los cualitativos mostraron alta concordancia. En 2024 se evaluaron 26 descriptores (14 cualitativos, 12 cuantitativos), encontrándose diferencias significativas en todos los descriptores; los de mayor partición fueron peso de 100 semillas y tamaño del pedúnculo. El análisis multivariado de componentes explicó el 60,3 % de la varianza total, Dim1 separó principalmente los rasgos biométricos de la semilla y Dim2 la variación fenológica. Los índices de Shannon-Weaver (H’) y Gini-Simpson evidenciaron que el patrón del hilio, la textura de la testa, la forma de la semilla, el color del hilio y la pigmentación de la vaina inmadura presentaron mayor capacidad discriminante y diversidad. Con los resultados obtenidos se seleccionaron accesiones promisorias para consumo humano (PER1005854 y PER1005858) y para forraje/cobertura (PER1005851, PER1005852, PER1005853 y PER1005857).

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a short-cycle crop adapted to tropical and subtropical climates, relevant for food security. In this context, the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA) in 2021 implemented the tropical legumes collection for propagation, conservation, and study. This study evaluated its phenotypic variability and identified promising accessions using agromorphological descriptors. During 2022–2023, we evaluated 23 accessions using 10 descriptors (7 quantitative, 3 qualitative); variation was detected only in three quantitative descriptors, while qualitative descriptors showed high concordance. In 2024, 26 descriptors (14 qualitative, 12 quantitative) were evaluated, with significant differences found in all descriptors; those with the greatest partition were 100-seed weight and peduncle length. The multivariate component analysis explained 60.3% of the total variance, with Dim1 mainly separating biometric traits of the seed and Dim2 the phenological variation. The Shannon–Weaver (H’) and Gini–Simpson indices showed that hilum pattern, testa texture, seed shape, hilum color, and immature pod pigmentation presented greater discriminant capacity and diversity. Based on the results, promising accessions were selected for human consumption (PER1005854 and PER1005858) and for forage/cover (PER1005851, PER1005852, PER1005853, and PER1005857).

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Variabilidad fenotípica de accesiones de caupí Vigna unguiculata del Banco de Germoplasma del INIA. (2026). Acta Biológica Colombiana, 31(1), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v31n1.123378