Publicado

2013-05-01

CAMBIO ESTACIONAL EN LA FAUNA ACOMPAÑANTE DE LA PESQUERÍA ARTESANAL DE ARRASTRE DE CAMARÓN DEL GOLFO DE SALAMANCA, MAR CARIBE DE COLOMBIA

Seasonal Shift of Bycatch in the Artisanal Shrimp Trawl Fishery of the Gulf of Salamanca, Caribbean Sea of Colombia

Palabras clave:

ecosistema, estuario, manejo pesquero, surgencia, tropical (es)
ecosystem, estuary, fisheries management, tropical, upwelling (en)

Autores/as

  • Luis Orlando Duarte Universidad del Magdalena
  • Roy Díaz Vesga Universidad del Magdalena
  • Félix Cuello Universidad del Magdalena
  • Luis Majarrés Universidad del Magdalena

La evaluación de la fauna acompañante en las pesquerías de arrastre se ha referido generalmente a una escala anual, ignorando eventuales variaciones estacionales. En el golfo de Salamanca, recientemente opera una flota artesanal de arrastre de camarón, cuya fauna acompañante es evaluada por primera vez en el presente estudio, considerando la estacionalidad climática y oceanográfica que domina la región (descargas continentales y surgencia). Para ello, 90 lances en la época de calmas o lluviosa (noviembre 2010) y 86 en la época de vientos (abril 2011) fueron muestreados a bordo de embarcaciones pesqueras. La proporción fauna acompañante - camarón resultó ser 2,69 (2,37 - 3,21; IC 95 %) y 6,37 (5,10 - 8,24; IC 95 %) en la época de calmas y vientos, respectivamente. Un total de 101 taxa se registraron, con un elevado número de juveniles. La estructura comunitaria de la fauna acompañante difirió entre las épocas climáticas (Anosim, P < 0,001), siendo caracterizada en las dos épocas por Stellifer spp., Symphurus caribbeanus y Callinectes sapidus, en tanto que, adicionalmente, la época de calmas fue caracterizada por Cathorops mapaleAnchovia clupeoidesTrichiurus lepturus y la época de vientos por Larimus breviceps, Cnidaria (medusas), Cetengraulis edentulus (Simper). Los resultados evidenciaron un cambio estacional en la fauna acompañante, indicando la necesidad de implementar programas de monitoreo y medidas de manejo que atiendan a esa variabilidad temporal. Los efectos ecológicos negativos de esta pesquería urgen la utilización de estrategias de mitigación, concertadas con los pescadores, para balancear las necesidades sociales y la conservación del ecosistema.

Bycatch assessments in trawl fisheries have been mainly referred to an annual scale, ignoring possible seasonal variations. In the Gulf of Salamanca, an artisanal shrimp trawl fleet operates recently and this study evaluates its bycatch for first time, considering the climatic and oceanographic seasonality that dominates the region (runoff and upwelling). 90 hauls in the calm or rainy season (November 2010) and 86 in the windy season (April 2011) were sampled on board of fishing boats. The bycatch to shrimp ratio was 2,69 (2,37 -3,21, 95 % CI) and 6,37 (5,10 - 8,24, 95 % CI) for the calm season and windy season respectively. We recorded a total of 101 taxa, with a large number of juveniles. The community structure of bycatch differed between seasons (ANOSIM, p < 0,001), being characterized both seasons by Stellifer spp., Symphurus caribbeanus y Callinectes sapidus, whereas, in addition, the calm season was characterized by Cathorops mapaleAnchovia clupeoidesTrichiurus lepturus, and the windy season by Larimus breviceps, Cnidaria (jellyfish), Cetengraulis edentulus (Simper). The results showed a seasonal change in the bycatch, raising the need to implement monitoring programs and management measures that address that temporal variability. Negative ecological effects of this fishery prompt the use of mitigation strategies, involving fishermen, to balance social needs and the ecosystem conservation.

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