Publicado

2015-01-01

MICROMORFOLOGÍA Y HISTOQUÍMICA DE LOS LATICÍFEROS DE ÓRGANOS VEGETATIVOS DE ESPECIES DE ASCLEPIADOIDEAE (APOCYNACEAE)

Micromorphology and Histochemistry of the Laticifers from Vegetative Organs of Asclepiadoideae species (Apocynaceae)

Palabras clave:

Asclepiadeae, látex, metabolitos secundarios, pared celular. (es)
Asclepiadeae, cell wall, latex, secondary metabolites. (en)

Autores/as

  • Diego DEMARCO Universidade de São Paulo - Departamento de Botânica - Instituto de Biociências

La micromorfología y las principales clases de componentes de las paredes de los laticíferos y del látex de Asclepias curassavicaFischeria stellataGonioanthela axillarisMatelea denticulata Oxypetalum banksii, fueron analizadas y comparadas con las de especies de Apocynaceae de Cerrado. Los laticíferos de las especies estudiadas de diferentes tipos de bosques presentan características semejantes. Las paredes son primarias, altamente hidratadas, pecto-celulósicas y fuertemente adheridas a las paredes de las células adyacentes. El látex es blanco lechoso, constituido por polisacáridos, incluyendo mucílago, proteínas, lípidos, incluyendo ácidos grasos, compuestos fenólicos e alcaloides. Fischeria Gonioanthela difieren de las demás especies por producir lípidos neutros. El látex de las especies investigadas está asociado a la protección de la planta contra herbivoría, pudiendo ser tóxico e inhibir la proliferación de microorganismos, además de coagular, sellando heridas de las plantas y funcionando como barrera física. Estas propiedades del látex proporcionan una mayor ventaja adaptativa a estas plantas en relación a las no latescentes.

Micromorphology and main substances of the laticifer walls and latex of Asclepias curassavicaFischeria stellataGonioanthela axillarisMatelea denticulata, and Oxypetalum banksii were analyzed and compared with those of Apocynacean Cerrado species. Laticifers of the studied species from different rainforest vegetations exhibit similar features. The walls are primary, highly hydrated, pectic-cellulosic, and firmly attached to adjacent cell walls. The latex is milky white, constituted by polysaccharides, including mucilage, proteins, lipids, including fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids; however, Fischeria and Gonioanthela differ from the other species for also producing neutral lipids. The latex of the investigated species is related to plant defense against herbivory, and may be toxic and inhibit microorganism proliferation. Also, it can coagulate, sealing plants wounds and working as a physical barrier. These latex properties provide greater adaptive advantage to these plants in relation to non-latescent plants.

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Citas

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