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Enzymatic and Antagonist Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae)
Actividad enzimática y antagonista de los hongos endofíticos de Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v24n2.74717Palabras clave:
Biological control, endophytes, enzymes, microbial antagonisms, molecular taxonomy (en)Antagonismo microbiano, control biológico, endofíticos, enzimas, taxonomía molecular (es)
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Endophyte microorganisms have great biotechnological interest, with features applicable to different areas and are potentially useful in agriculture. The current study determines the biotechnological potential of endophytic fungi, isolated from leaves of Sapindus saponaria, to control phytopathogenic fungi and evaluate their enzyme production. Molecular taxonomy was performed by sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA region, identifying the genera Phomopsis, Sordariomycetes, Diaporthe, and Colletotrichum. In vitro antagonism against phytopathogens showed better results against Fusarium solani and provided inhibition indices between 41.8 % and 67.5 %. The endophytic strain SS81 (Diaporthe citri) presented the highest antagonism index against the pathogen. Against Glomerella sp. and Moniliophthora perniciosa, inhibition rates ranged between 18.7 % and 57.4 % and between 38.3 % and 64.8 %, respectively. Enzyme assays revealed that strain SS65 (Diaporthe sp.) produced 1.16 UI µmol/min of amylase; strain SS77 (Diaporthe sp.) produced 2.74 UI µmol/min of pectinase, and strain SS08 (Diaporthe sp.) produced 1.51 UI µmol/min of cellulase. Thus, the current study shows evidence the importance of isolated endophytes with phytoprotective properties of plants with medicinal properties as alternatives for biological control and natural sources of products with biotechnological interest.
Los microorganismos endofíticos tienen gran interés biotecnológico, con características aplicables a diferentes áreas y potencialmente útiles en la agricultura. El presente estudio determinó el potencial biotecnológico de los hongos endofíticos, aislados de las hojas de Sapindus saponaria, en el control de hongos fitopatógenos y evaluación de su producción de enzimática. La taxonomía molecular fue realizada por la secuencia de la región ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 del ADN ribosomal, identificando los géneros Phomopsis, Sordariomycetes, Diaporthe y Colletotrichum. El antagonismo in vitro contra fitopatógenos mostró mejores resultados contra Fusarium solani y proporcionó índices de inhibición de entre el 41,8 % y el 67,5 %. El linaje endofítico SS81 (Diaporthe citri) presentó el mayor índice de antagonismo contra los patógenos. Contra Glomerella sp. y Moniliophthora perniciosa, las tasas de inhibición variaron entre el 18,7 % y el 57,4 % y entre el 38,3 % y el 64,8 %, respectivamente. El ensayo enzimático reveló que el linaje SS65 (Diaporthe sp.) produjo 1,16 UI μmol / min de amilasa; el linaje SS77 (Diaporthe sp.) produjo 2,74 UI μmol / min de pectinasa; y el linaje SS08 (Diaporthe sp.) produjo 1,51 UI μmol / min de celulasa. Así, el presente estudio evidencia la importancia de los endófitos aislados con propiedades fitoprotectoras como alternativas para el control biológico y como fuentes naturales de productos con interés biotecnológico.
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