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Evaluación de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en perros de un área de clima sub-frío de México
Evaluation of vector-borne diseases in dogs in a sub-cold climate area of México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n2.77737Palabras clave:
Cambio climático, epidemiología, vectores de enfermedades (es)Climate change, disease vectors, epidemiology (en)
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La distribución geográfica de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores está influenciada por una dinámica compleja de factores ambientales, sociales y el impacto cambiante de la transmisión de sus vectores, huéspedes intermedios y reservorios. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la seropositividad a anticuerpos anti-Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferia y la seropositividad a antígenos de Dirofilaria immitis en perros de un área de México con un clima semifrío. Se tomaron 100 muestras de sangre de caninos de hogares privados y en clínicas veterinarias del estado de Amecameca de Juárez, Estado de México. El análisis de las muestras se llevó a cabo mediante un kit comercial de ELISA (Test SNAP® 4Dx® Plus Canine IDEXX®). A los resultados se observó una seropositividad a anticuerpos anti-E. canis del 30 %, 9 % para A. phagocytophilum, 4 % para B. burgdorferi y 16 % para antígenos de D. immitis. Así mismo, se halló una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la seropositividad a anticuerpos anti-E. canis y perros mayores a un año y de raza. Por otra parte se reportaron resultados similares en perros machos y mayores de un año con seropositividad a D. immitis. Con los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que existe una mayor seropositividad para la infección por E. canis y D. immitis y una asociación significativa en perros mayores de un año. Es de gran relevancia conocer la epidemiología de patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas debido al impacto zoonotico que implican. Se recomiendan investigaciones adicionales, así como medidas preventivas de salud animal y salud pública para reducir el riesgo de infección en perros.
The geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases is influenced by a complex dynamic of environmental, social factors and the changing impact of transmission of their vectors and intermediate hosts and reservoirs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the seropositivity for antibodies anti-Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferia and the seropositivity to antigens of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in an area of Mexico with a cool climate. It took 100 blood samples from dogs in private homes and at veterinary clinics in the State of Amecameca de Juárez, Mexico State. The analysis of samples is carried out by a commercial ELISA kit (Test SNAP® 4Dx® Plus Canine IDEXX®). The result was a seropositivity for antibodies anti-E. canis of 30 %, 9 % for A. phagocytophilum, 4 % for B. burgdorferi and 16 % for D. immitis antigen. Likewise, it was found a statistically significant relationship between anti-E. canis antibodies and the seropositivity in dogs older than one year of age and purebred. In addition, it was reported similar results in male dogs and older than a year with seropositivity to D. immitis. With the results obtained, it is concluded that there is higher seropositivity for infection by E. canis and D. immitis, and a significant association in dogs older than one year. It is great relevance to know the epidemiology of pathogens transmitted by ticks due to the zoonotic impact involved. Additional research is recommended, as well as preventive measures of animal health and public heath to reduce the risk of infection in dogs.
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