Published

2022-03-04

Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia

Anthracycline cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer survivors

Cardiotoxicidade das antraciclinas em sobreviventes de câncer na infância

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.90007

Keywords:

Cardiotoxicidad, Sobrevivientes, Insuficiencia Cardíaca, Prevención y Control (es)
Cardiotoxicidade, Sobreviventes, Insuficiência Cardíaca, Prevenção e Controle (pt)
Cardiotoxicity, Survivors, Heart Failure, Prevention and Control (en)

Authors

Introducción: a nivel mundial, cada año cerca de 300.000 niños entre 0 y 19 años son diagnosticados con cáncer. El porcentaje de supervivientes va en aumento, llegando a 80 % en países desarrollados y 60 % en América Latina. Sin embargo, la expectativa y la calidad de vida de estas personas pueden verse comprometidas ante el desarrollo de cardiotoxicidad, un efecto adverso asociado al uso de algunos agentes antineoplásicos, como los antracíclicos.
Objetivo: resaltar los aspectos clínicos relevantes para la prevención, detección oportuna, tratamiento y seguimiento de la cardiotoxicidad secundaria a la administración de antraciclinas durante la infancia.
Síntesis de contenido: reflexión teórica que presenta consideraciones clínicas relevantes para guiar las acciones de enfermería y del equipo multidisciplinario en la atención y el cuidado de la salud cardiovascular de los supervivientes de cáncer a cualquier edad. Es importante destacar que en población pediátrica la única estrategia efectiva de prevención primaria para cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas es la administración de dexrazoxano, mientras que la prevención secundaria debe incluir detección oportuna, control y  seguimiento de las alteraciones de la función cardíaca y de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Por su parte, la prevención terciaria se centra en el control de la enfermedad y el manejo farmacológico. 
Conclusiones: no existe un  tratamiento estándar para la cardiotoxicidad inducida por quimioterapia o radioterapia, siendo el objetivo principal de este tipo de tratamientos prevenir o retrasar la remodelación del ventrículo izquierdo. Todos los supervivientes requieren seguimiento vitalicio y búsqueda activa de signos de cardiotoxicidad, siendo fundamental la acción conjunta de diferentes profesionales y la consolidación de los servicios de cardio-oncología.

Introduction: Every year, nearly 300,000 children aged 0 to 19 are diagnosed with cancer worldwide. The percentage of survivors has increased significantly, reaching 80% in  developed countries and 60% in Latin America. However, the life expectancy and quality of life of these individuals can be severely compromised in the face of the development of  cardiotoxicity, an adverse effect associated with the use of antineoplastic agents such as  anthracyclics.
Objective: To highlight relevant clinical aspects for the prevention, timely detection, treatment and follow-up of cardiotoxicity secondary to the administration of anthracyclines during childhood.
Content synthesis: Theoretical reflection that presents relevant clinical considerations to guide the actions of nursing professionals and the interdisciplinary teams in charge of providing cardiovascular health care to cancer survivors at any age. We emphasize that the only effective
primary prevention strategy for anthracycline cardiotoxicity in the pediatric population is the administration of dexrazoxane, while secondary prevention should include timely detection, control, and follow-up of cardiac function alterations and cardiovascular risk factors, and tertiary
prevention must be focused on disease control and pharmacological  management.
Conclusion: There is no standard treatment for chemotherapy or radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, and the main objective of current  treatment methods is to prevent, or delay, left ventricular remodeling. All survivors require life-long monitoring and an active search for signs of cardiotoxicity, where the joint action of different professionals and the consolidation of cardio-oncology services becomes essential.

Introdução: em todo o mundo, a cada ano cerca de 300.000 pessoas entre 0 e 19 anos de idade são diagnosticadas com câncer. A porcentagem de sobreviventes aumentou e atingiu a cifra de 80% nos países desenvolvidos e 60% na América Latina; no entanto, a expectativa e a qualidade de vida  podem ser comprometidas devido ao desenvolvimento de cardiotoxicidade, um efeito adverso associado ao uso de alguns agentes antineoplásicos, como os antracíclicos.
Objetivo: destacar os aspectos clínicos relevantes para a prevenção, a detecção oportuna, o tratamento e o monitoramento da cardiotoxicidade secundária à administração de antraciclinas na infância.
Síntese do conteúdo: reflexão teórica que apresenta as considerações clínicas relevantes para orientar as ações da enfermagem e da equipe multiprofissional na assistência e no cuidado à saúde cardiovascular do sobrevivente de qualquer idade. É importante observar que, na população pediátrica, a única  estratégia eficaz de prevenção primária da cardiotoxicidade das antraciclinas é a administração de dexrazoxano; enquanto a prevenção secundária deve incluir a detecção oportuna, o controle e o acompanhamento de alterações da função cardíaca e dos fatores de risco cardiovascular; a prevenção terciária se concentra no controle da doença e no manejo farmacológico.
Conclusões: não existe um tratamento-padrão para a cardiotoxicidade induzida por quimioterapia ou radioterapia, seu principal objetivo é prevenir ou retardar a remodelação ventricular esquerda. Todos os sobreviventes necessitaram de acompanhamento vitalício e busca ativa de sinais de
cardiotoxicidade, sendo essencial a ação conjunta de diferentes profissionais e a consolidação dos
serviços de cardio-oncologia.

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How to Cite

VANCOUVER

1.
Ramos Garzón JX, Achury Beltrán LF, Rojas LZ. Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia. Av. enferm. [Internet]. 2022 Feb. 4 [cited 2026 Mar. 22];40(2):307-19. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/avenferm/article/view/90007

ACM

[1]
Ramos Garzón, J.X., Achury Beltrán, L.F. and Rojas, L.Z. 2022. Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia. Avances en Enfermería. 40, 2 (Feb. 2022), 307–319. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.90007.

ACS

(1)
Ramos Garzón, J. X.; Achury Beltrán, L. F.; Rojas, L. Z. Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia. Av. enferm. 2022, 40, 307-319.

APA

Ramos Garzón, J. X., Achury Beltrán, L. F. & Rojas, L. Z. (2022). Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia. Avances en Enfermería, 40(2), 307–319. https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.90007

ABNT

RAMOS GARZÓN, J. X.; ACHURY BELTRÁN, L. F.; ROJAS, L. Z. Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia. Avances en Enfermería, [S. l.], v. 40, n. 2, p. 307–319, 2022. DOI: 10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.90007. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/avenferm/article/view/90007. Acesso em: 22 mar. 2026.

Chicago

Ramos Garzón, Judy Ximena, Luisa Fernanda Achury Beltrán, and Lyda Zoraya Rojas. 2022. “Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia”. Avances En Enfermería 40 (2):307-19. https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.90007.

Harvard

Ramos Garzón, J. X., Achury Beltrán, L. F. and Rojas, L. Z. (2022) “Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia”, Avances en Enfermería, 40(2), pp. 307–319. doi: 10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.90007.

IEEE

[1]
J. X. Ramos Garzón, L. F. Achury Beltrán, and L. Z. Rojas, “Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia”, Av. enferm., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 307–319, Feb. 2022.

MLA

Ramos Garzón, J. X., L. F. Achury Beltrán, and L. Z. Rojas. “Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia”. Avances en Enfermería, vol. 40, no. 2, Feb. 2022, pp. 307-19, doi:10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.90007.

Turabian

Ramos Garzón, Judy Ximena, Luisa Fernanda Achury Beltrán, and Lyda Zoraya Rojas. “Cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas en supervivientes de cáncer durante la infancia”. Avances en Enfermería 40, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 307–319. Accessed March 22, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/avenferm/article/view/90007.

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