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Fatores associados à ativação de pacientes em hemodiálise
Factors associated with the activation of hemodialysis patients
Factores asociados a la activación de pacientes en hemodiálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v40n1.90046Keywords:
Autogestão, Autocuidado, Diálise Renal, Participação do Paciente (pt)Self-management, Self Care, Renal Dialysis, Patient Participation (en)
Automanejo, Diálisis Renal, Participación del Paciente, Autocuidado (es)
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Objetivo: mensurar a ativação de pacientes em hemodiálise e determinar os fatores associados à ativação dessa população.
Materiais e método: estudo exploratório, de caráter descritivo e corte transversal com 162 pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico no interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a abril de 2019, com instrumentos para avaliação sociodemográfica, socioeconômica e clínica e da escala Patient Activation Measure de 13 itens. A análise de dados foi realizada por estatística descritiva e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta.
Resultados: a medida de ativação dos pacientes em hemodiálise variou de 39,4 a 90,7 pontos, em que a média é 60,85 + 15,57 pontos e a mediana 53,2 (IC: 58,4-63,3) pontos. Dos participantes, 52,5 % (n = 85) apresentavam baixa ativação, sendo que o menor quantitativo de pessoas (18,5 %, n = 30) se encontrava no nível 3. Foi associado à maior prevalência de alta ativação o fato de apresentar o nível superior de ensino e não necessitar de cuidador.
Conclusões: embora as variáveis associadas à alta ativação não sejam modificadas pelos profissionais de saúde, conhecê-las permite inferir qual o perfil de pacientes em hemodiálise que necessitam de intervenções direcionadas ao aumento dos níveis de ativação.
Objective: To measure the activation of hemodialysis patients and determine the factors associated with the activation of this population.
Materials and method: Exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study with 162 hemodialysis patients residing in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data was collected from January to April 2019, using instruments for sociodemographic, socioeconomic and clinical evaluation and the 13-item Patient Activation Measure scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance.
Results: The activation measure of the studied patients ranged from 39.4 to 90.7 points, with a mean of 60.85 ± 15.57 points and a median of 53.2 (CI: 58.4-63.3). Among participants, 52.5 % (n = 85) reported low activation, while the smallest share of patients (18.5 %, n = 30) was classified within level 3. A higher level of educational attainment and not requiring a caregiver were the variables associated with a higher prevalence of high activation among these patients.
Conclusions: Although the variables associated with high activation cannot be modified by health professionals, recognizing them allows us to infer the profile of hemodialysis patients in need for interventions aimed at increasing their activation levels.
Objetivo: medir la activación de pacientes en hemodiálisis y determinar los factores asociados con la activación de esta población.
Materiales y método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal con 162 pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis en el interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos fueron recopilados entre enero y abril de 2019 mediante instrumentos para evaluación sociodemográfica, socioeconómica y ecológica y el uso de la escala de Medición de Activación del Paciente de 13 ítems. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo por medio de estadística descriptiva y regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta.
Resultados: la medida de activación de los pacientes en hemodiálisis osciló entre 39,4 y 90,7 puntos, siendo la media de 60,85 ± 15,57 puntos y la mediana de 53,2 (IC: 58,4-63,3) puntos. El 52,5 % (n = 85) de los participantes presentaba baja activación y el 18,5 % (n = 30) de la muestra fue clasificado en el nivel 3. Tener un nivel de educación superior y no requerir de un cuidador fueron variables asociadas a una mayor prevalencia de alta activación en este tipo de pacientes.
Conclusiones: aunque las variables asociadas con una alta activación no pueden ser modificadas por los profesionales de la salud, conocerlas permite inferir el perfil de pacientes en hemodiálisis que requiere intervenciones dirigidas a incrementar sus niveles de activación
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