Revisión de los fundamentos del desarrollo económico según Alfred Marshall: rendimientos crecientes a escala, competencia y demanda efectiva
Review of the foundations of economic development according to Alfred Marshall: increasing returns to scale, competition and effective demand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v34n64.90830Palabras clave:
desarrollo económico, Alfred Marshall, rendimientos crecientes a escala, demanda efectiva, condiciones competitivas, distribución (es)economic development, Alfred Marshall, increasing returns to scale, effective demand, competitive conditions, distribution (en)
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A fin de explorar la consistencia teórica del concepto de desarrollo económico de Alfred Marshall, se revista aquí el estado del arte sobre categorías centrales para su fundamentación. En este sentido, se presentan discusiones sobre tres nociones principales: los rendimientos crecientes a escala, las condiciones competitivas y el principio de la demanda efectiva. Ello implica considerar, primero, la perspectiva microeconómica sobre la teoría del valor bajo el equilibrio estático en condiciones competitivas con rendimientos crecientes a escala; segundo, la perspectiva macroeconómica, sustentada en el principio de la demanda efectiva, así como la vinculación entre ambas dimensiones de análisis con la temática central de la distribución del ingreso. Estas nociones teóricas fundamentan la concepción del desarrollo económico del autor, así como, más precisamente, la política económica de estímulo a la inserción industrial en el comercio exterior, a fin de proveer empleo estable en un contexto de acelerados cambios en la técnica y la demanda, y la mejora del salario real asociada al incremento de la productividad y la distribución progresiva del ingreso.
In order to explore the theoretical consistency of Alfred Marshall’s concept of economic development, this article reviews the state of the art concerning the principal categories underlying its foundations. From this perspective, it presents debates about three principal concepts: increasing returns to scale, competitive conditions, and the principle of effective demand. This involves considering: first, the microeconomic dimension of the theory of value under static equilibrium in conditions of competition with increasing returns to scale; second, the macroeconomic dimension, based on the principle of effective demand; as well as the link between these two dimensions and the central problematic of income distribution. These theoretical notions support Marshall’s understanding of the development and, more precisely, the policies of stimulating industrial insertion into foreign trade oriented to providing stable employment in a context of accelerated changes in technique and demand, and improvements in real wages associated with increased productivity, as well with the progressive distribution of income.
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