Historia y Sociedad

Focus and Scope

The Historia y Sociedad journal was founded in 1994 by Professor Luis Antonio Restrepo Arango. This publication is financed and edited by the National University of Colombia - Medellín campus – Faculty of Human and Economic Sciences – History Department. The journal publishes original, unpublished articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese that are the result of research from different approaches on any aspect of Colombian and Ibero-American history from the 16^th century to the history of the present time. It also publishes histographic reviews, transcriptions of archive documents and reviews on recent histographic production.  The objective of the journal is to open spaces for the dissemination of historical research by academics from all over the world and to promote its circulation among undergraduate and graduate students as well as the public at large, with the purpose of encouraging academic dialogs and strengthening knowledge of history and the humanities. The journal is aimed at a scientific audience that is geographically diverse and possesses a vast academic trajectory, and particularly, the journal publishes graduate social scientists, postgraduate students, professors, and active graduate researchers. The articles cannot be in a simultaneous evaluation process with another publication. The journal submits all the manuscripts to a plagiarism detection and content similarity verification tool. The double-blind evaluation system is carried out with external evaluators. The journal is published on a semester basis and publishes under an electronic format in January and July each year, with open access content in PDF and XML formats. Under no circumstances do authors or readers pay to send, publish or access the contents of the journal.

The sections of the journal are the following:

Editorial

Section that presents the contents of each number. It is written by the director-editor or by guest editors (in case of a dossier)

Dossier   

Section that gathers unpublished research or review papers on a specific topic. The texts present research results obtained from primary sources, methodologies and up to date literature.

Open topic

Section that gathers research or review papers on diverse topics. The texts present research results obtained from primary sources, methodologies and up to date literature.

Documents

Section that gathers critical transcriptions of documents from historical archives and from other patrimonial repositories.

Book Reviews

Section that gathers critical reviews of history books published in the past 3 years. Book reviews are selected by the editorial team.

 

The editorial roles in the journal are the following:

Authors

All manuscripts submitted to the journal, Historia y Sociedad, must be reviewed and approved by each of the authors. By doing so, authors guarantee that the texts are written according to the editorial policies of the journal. Authors must submit unpublished research works: papers whose content has never been published in any other academic publication (be it in indexed or bibliographical repositories). Translations of original and previously published or public works are not considered original contributions. Papers being reviewed in another journal must not be submitted. From the beginning, authors agree to disclose the origin of the article and to specify whether it was financed or supported by any institution. Authors must also submit any required authorization from the persons or organizations involved in the elaboration of the manuscript. In case of co-authorship, all authors are responsible for specifying their contributions or functions in the research and writing of the text (analysis and writing). Intellectual contributions must be significant enough to merit co-authorship. Individuals whose contribution is only partial may be included in the acknowledgments section. Authors who belong to the editorial team of the journal are immediately disqualified to make any decision regarding their own texts.

Reviewers

For the reviewing process, the editorial team of the journal asks for the participation of experts on each specific topic (at least 50% of them with international affiliation). Reviewers agree to submit, before the date established by the editorial team, an academic review using the "Article evaluation" format. The review must be written in an academic, clear and non-offensive language. Additionally, the qualitative and quantitative evaluations must be explicit and conclusive. The use by reviewers of any content prior to its publication is unauthorized and considered against scientific publishing ethics. Reviewers are herein informed that plagiarism or misuse of the reviewed texts is an action with legal consequences.

Director-editor

The director-editor is the highest authority in the journal. In case of contradiction between the collegiate bodies, the director-editor makes all final decisions regarding the publishing process of the journal. The director-editor oversees all academic matters, including the historiographical focus and the proposal of monographic issues. The director-editor presides over the preliminary review of manuscripts during each submissions period, and preselects papers to be sent to an external review. The director-editor reports on the operation of the journal, ensures the accomplishment of editorial tasks, and watches over the visibility and impact of the journal according to the criteria established by Publindex (Colciencias) and international indexing systems. The director-editor can only publish once a year in the Dossier or Open Topic issues.

Editorial coordinator

The editorial coordinator assists the director-editor in the formulation of editorial policies and academic guidelines, establishes a timeline for the editorial processes and ensures their timely completion. The editorial coordinator oversees the following processes: reception of contents, review, edition, layout, publication (in print and electronic), and circulation (indexing systems and academic networks). From the submission of manuscripts to referees, to their definitive publication in the journal, the editorial coordinator guarantees the existence of a confidential, ethical and transparent reviewing process that ensures the protection of intellectual property. Names and electronic addresses will be exclusively used to the ends stated by the journal and will not be available, for any purpose, to any other person or institution. The coordinator assists the editor in the decisions and actions required to guarantee that the journal meets the indexing criteria.

Editorial Board / Scientific Board

The members of the editorial council are consulted to define changes regarding the focus, content and editorial image of the journal. They may propose topics for the monographic issues. When required by the director-editor, they may suggest lists of peer reviewers, or they may serve as reviewers. They will be the main promoters of the circulation (in print and electronic) of the journal (opening of submissions, news, and recently published issues) in national and international publishing media.

Guest editors

Guest editors are researchers invited by the editorial team or by the editorial council to coordinate a dossier. Proposals of monographic issues suggested by researchers with extensive experience in a specific field are also considered. Guest editors must send a proposal containing: title, objectives and a thematic focus (500 words maximum). Their functions are to announce the opening for submissions in national and international academic networks; to review and select the papers for external evaluation; to suggest at least two reviewers per paper; to select, with the help of the editorial team, the best-evaluated papers to be published in the dossier; and to write the dossier’s introduction.

Peer Review Process

Article Reviewing and editing processes

After the closing of submission dates, papers are reviewed by the editorial team.  During the first filtering stage, the editorial team considers the following criteria: title, abstract (according to the IMRD structure: Introduction, Methodology, Results and Discussion), theoretical framework, conclusions, sources and bibliography. Papers that pass the first filter continue to the second stage, where they are reviewed by external peers. This is a double-blind review process carried out by two academic peers who are, in most of the cases, external to the institution. In the event of contradictory reviews, a third reviewer will be appointed. The time estimated to report the concept regarding a paper (accepted or rejected) is approximately of 6 months, starting the date of reception of contents.

The criteria to choose the reviewers are: experience, recent academic production (publications during the past 5 years) and expertise on the subject. Evaluation criteria are the following: global quality (contribution to knowledge and relevance for publication in a history journal); methodology (soundness, degree of adaptation to the object of study, and accuracy); sources (solvency and accuracy in their treatment; originality and scope of the references); bibliography (current relevance, scope, and relevance regarding the object of study); argument consistency (coherence between the proposed objectives and the results obtained; quality, clarity and accuracy of the arguments that support the hypotheses and conclusions); formal presentation (quality and clarity in writing; adjustment of the abstract to the IMRD structure), and additional suggestions (comments that expand the feedback on the article). Reviewers report anonymously one of the following decisions: accept; publish with major modifications (substantial changes in introduction, methodology, content, bibliography or conclusions) or reject.

Adjustments suggested by the reviewers and the editorial team must be taken into account by the author. These modifications and corrections of the manuscript must be implemented by the author within the dates specified by the editorial coordinator of the journal; to do so, authors are given approximately 15 days. After reception of the modified paper, the author will be notified of its approval or rejection. The editorial team has the final word on the publication of papers and on the issue in which they will be published. Publishing dates will be respected as long as authors send the required documents on time. The journal has the right of editing and style editing. During the editing process the editorial team may consult with authors. Emailing is the privileged way to communicate with authors during the reviewing and editing processes.

Peer Review Guidelines

For the reviewing process, the editorial team of the journal asks for the participation of experts on each specific topic (at least 50% of them with international affiliation). Reviewers agree to submit, before the date established by the editorial team, an academic review using the "Article evaluation" format. The review must be written in an academic, clear and non-offensive language. Additionally, the qualitative and quantitative evaluations must be explicit and conclusive. The use by reviewers of any content prior to its publication is unauthorized and considered against scientific publishing ethics. Reviewers are herein informed that plagiarism or misuse of the reviewed texts is an action with legal consequences.

Evaluation criteria are the following: global quality (contribution to knowledge and relevance for publication in a history journal); methodology (soundness, degree of adaptation to the object of study, and accuracy); sources (solvency and accuracy in their treatment; originality and scope of the references); bibliography (current relevance, scope, and relevance regarding the object of study); argument consistency (coherence between the proposed objectives and the results obtained; quality, clarity and accuracy of the arguments that support the hypotheses and conclusions); formal presentation (quality and clarity in writing; adjustment of the abstract to the IMRD structure), and additional suggestions (comments that expand the feedback on the article). Reviewers report anonymously one of the following decisions: accept; publish with major modifications (substantial changes in introduction, methodology, content, bibliography or conclusions) or reject.

Publication Frequency

The journal is published biannually (January and July), giving out at the same time the articles and its respective table of contents.

Open Access Policy

This journal provides immediate, free and open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a wider global exchange of knowledge. It is authorized the non-profit reproduction of the material by citing the original source.

Declaration of Ethics and Good Practices in Academic Publications

The Historia y Sociedad journal published by the National University of Colombia - Medellín campus is aware that academic publication is not only the support for scientific communication, but also, at the same time, contributes to the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge in the field of the humanities. This means that the journal’s publications are proof of the  quality and reputation of individual research, and also of the institutions that support their distribution. 

In fact, Historia y Sociedad is an institutionally validated journal which has the structure needed to qualify as a scientific journal: director-editor, editorial committee, scientific committee, and editorial assistant. Additionally, the members of the editorial and scientific boards are evaluated twice a year to ratify or not their permanence in the journal’s collegiate body in function of their academic trajectory and intellectual production.

For these reasons, the journal proposes a set of ethics policies inspired by the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, https://publicationethics.org/) to define the expected behavior of the parts involved in the act of publishing: the director-editor, the evaluator and the author. In that sense, the integrity of the research if the main value we seek to protect with these measures by promoting honesty; conscientious and thorough research practices; transparency and open communication; care and respect for all research participants or subjects; and responsibility of any party involved in the editorial process in what respects bad practices carried out involving their own research and that of third parties.     

(T2) Responsibilities of the Director-editor

(T3) Editorial Impartiality

Historia y Sociedad is committed to editorial autonomy and supporting academic merit. Thus, in all cases the journal avoids incurring in moral, economic and corporate conflicts of interest or acting out of fear. On the other hand, the publication also guarantees intellectual freedom, objectivity and justice by stimulating diversity, inclusion and equity in all stages of the editorial process. The director-editor assesses the content of manuscripts and evaluations within the scope of their intellectual characteristics and not based on discrimination of authors, invited editors or evaluators due to personal characteristics (ethnical, gender, religious, political, philosophical, sexual or any handicap). The director-editor is also responsible for promoting the transparency and truthfulness of the evaluations received from the evaluators and shall clearly establish in its editorial policy what is expected of the authors as well as the evaluators. Likewise, they guarantee that all communications are carried out through the established channel, in the case of Historia y Sociedad it will be through the journal’s email. 

(T3) Conflicts of Interests

The director-editor, together with the publishing institution, must always require authors and reviewers to state in writing if there is a conflict of interest in the submitted manuscript or evaluation. Likewise, to make public and update the information of any conflict of interest declared in the published articles. On the other hand, the director-editor will not be able to make decisions about articles of his authorship nominated to Historia y Sociedad or those of relatives or people who may benefit from it. The editor may only publish once a year in the journal under his charge and in those cases the text must follow the same process of anonymity and impartiality without attributing any advantage due to the author’s position within the journal. If the text is chosen for publication, a clarifying note will be included on the first page where the conditions (fair and objective) of this decision are made public.

(T3) Peer Review

The director-editor must ensure that the peer review process is fair, impartial, and timely. Manuscripts are usually reviewed by at least two external peers, but when there is a contradiction between the concepts, the director-editor will be responsible for finding additional juries.

The selection of the evaluators by the director-editor is based on the following criteria: the expertise and experience of the evaluator in the corresponding subject and on avoiding the selection of fraudulent evaluators. It is the responsibility of the director-editor to provide the appropriate systems (formats), training, and adequate support to facilitate peers in conducting rigorous, fair, and effective evaluations. Likewise, the director-editor must review the notes sent by the evaluators about potential bad practices that imply a bias in the text, such as the existence of conflicts of interest or insinuations of self-citation.

(T3) Confidentiality

It is the primary responsibility of the director-editor to protect the anonymity and confidentiality of the participants —not reveal their identity—, of the materials and of the communications involved in the evaluation process. Only in rare cases where malpractice is suspected can limited information be shared - for example, when requesting to compare Turnitin repositories between journals to ensure plagiarism hasn’t taken place. Likewise, neither the director-editor nor the evaluators will be able to take advantage of accessing new data in the manuscripts under review and not yet published, since any improper use in their own works without the express authorization of the author will have legal consequences.

(T3) Publication Decisions  

The manuscripts received during the calls first go through the review of the editorial team (director-editor, editorial assistant, editorial and scientific committee) who determines if they meet the minimum focus and format requirements established by the editorial policies of the journal. The texts that pass this filter are sent, at least, to two external evaluators under the double-blind system, who in their evaluations recommend or not to the director-editor the publication of the reviewed article, based on the criteria of quality, relevance, originality and contribution to the discipline. In this sense, the editorial team reserves the last word on the publication of an article and the number in which it is published. However, it is the absolute and exclusive responsibility of the director-editor to make the final decision on the manuscripts and the edition in which, after having undergone external evaluation, they will actually be published. That publication date is kept as long as the authors submit all the requested documentation within the indicated period. Furthermore, the journal reserves the right to make style corrections to the document before publication. In any case, during the evaluation and editing process, email will be the main means of communication between authors and director-editors, and the latter undertakes to consult the authors to resolve concerns.

 However, to make the final selection of the content to be published, the director-editor takes into account the current legislation on defamation, copyright and plagiarism. For this reason, it is their responsibility together with the publishing institution to establish and declare the mechanisms available to authors to appeal editorial decisions, as well as to resolve possible complaints or misunderstandings of an ethical nature or conflict of interest.Therefore, once the director-editor receives the modified article from the author and validates the incorporation of the changes, it is their duty to inform them of the verdict. In both cases of approval and rejection, the director-editor sends the authors an electronic notification stating the reasons for this decision.

(T3) Censorship

Historia y Sociedad is a publication committed to the dissemination of its contents to the largest and most diverse audience possible. For this reason, in no case will it be complicit in any type of censorship in the manuscripts that it processes and publishes. In this sense, the director-editor is responsible for protecting and promoting the principles – which are constitutional in Colombia - of freedom of speech and expression. In the same sense, the director-editor is in charge of attending and reviewing any defamatory libel related to a manuscript at the pre-publication stage, since the journal considers the publication of false accusations that may damage the reputation of individuals, groups or organizations unacceptable.

(T3) Dissemination of Published Content  

When publishing a new issue of Historia y Sociedad, the director-editor and his editorial team are responsible for disseminating and distributing it among collaborators, evaluators and entities with which exchange agreements have been established, as well as among national (Minciencias-Publindex) and international indexing repositories and systems, and to make shipments to active subscribers. As Historia y Sociedad is an open access journal, the director-editor is committed to the massive and democratic dissemination of the articles.

(T3) Inspection, Errors, Corrections and Retractions of Published Articles

Once the issues are published, it is the director-editor's duty to inspect and protect the integrity of these articles. In this sense, the director-editor must respond immediately to the finding of mistakes in the published content; they must ensure the realization of an adequate, transparent and documented investigation, aimed at the rapid resolution of the problem; and must make the respective and appropriate clarifications about the results on the journal's website. When the identified error was made by the author, the director-editor will issue a corrigendum (correction); When the error identified was made by the journal, it will issue an erratum.

On the other hand, retractions are reserved for articles in which the existence of plagiarism, fraud, falsification or other serious errors that invalidate the credibility of a published research or that endanger the integrity of persons is verified. In these cases, the director-editor will be able to make minor adjustments to the retracted text, similar to those made during style correction or layout, but will not be able to make substantial changes. Conversely, only in exceptional cases will the director-editor completely withdraw an article, and this will be when there are ethical, legal or safety reasons that require the measure to be taken, otherwise privacy or personal confidentiality would be violated, a law or a court order would be contravened, someone would be defamed, or life and public or individual health would be endangered. In such cases, the article will be completely removed and instead a news piece will be published in which the reasons for such decision are explained in detail and clearly.

For errors in published articles, the director-editor will have a communication protocol with the author, third parties or institutions involved. The director-editor and the editorial / scientific committee will act in accordance with the regulations, policies and procedures established by the National University of Colombia. In any case, any type of complaint, claim, complaint or error sent by readers, authors or evaluators must be supported with documentation and evidence that prove the inaccuracy or inappropriate behavior.

(T3) Integrity of the Records

For the journal it is essential to preserve the integrity and traceability of its contents. To that extent, the director-editor, together with the IT department of the publishing institution, is in charge of providing the journal with the mechanisms (LOCKSS system of the OJS) to keep a record or a backup of all published content and their respective metadata. Even in cases of retraction, which involve an alteration of the data, the director-editor guarantees the preservation of their academic record with the greatest possible fidelity. Outside of this exception, the backup is assured because the terms of the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ prevent its readers from altering or deriving content from the publications despite it being an open access journal, at least not without legal consequences.

(T3) Journal Metrics

The director-editor should not artificially manipulate the situations that impact the metrics and ranking of the journal in the indexers, that is, they should not ask any participant in the editorial process to cite the journal in their own texts - unless there are academic reasons for doing so - nor should they ask authors to cite their individual papers or some other form of non-academic exchange that benefits the director-editor.

The director-editor establishes, through the publishing institution, relationships with third parties, including commercial services, which offer our readers tools to illustrate the impact and reception of our content. In this sense, the publishing institution supports and facilitates the work —by providing metadata— of corporations such as Crossref, PlumX or Google Analytics, but in no case does the journal, through its director-editor, control or influence its results, nor is it responsible for the metrics and rankings that are generated.

It is the obligation of the director-editor to avoid any conflict of interest and, on the contrary, to promote good practices in the evaluation and measurement of academic research. This is supported by Historia y Sociedad’s signature of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA).

(T2) Evaluator Responsibilities

When the call is closed, the manuscripts received are consolidated and the internal evaluation process begins, which is carried out by the journal's editorial team (director-editor, editorial / scientific committees, editorial assistants). In this phase the academic scope is evaluated; compatibility with the journal's approach; the incorporation of editorial policies and citation standards; the originality of the manuscript and that it is not simultaneously in another evaluation process; that there are no faults in scientific ethics; and that the wording is clear. All this is done through a preliminary reading and the use of the Turnitin tool for content similarity verification. If the manuscript meets the criteria of this first filter, the author is notified that the text will go to external evaluation.

 The editorial team immediately begins the search and assignment of at least two or three candidates for each manuscript. The external evaluations are carried out by academic experts with skills similar to those of the authors, who are specialists on the subject of the manuscript to be evaluated, have a postgraduate degree, guarantee impartiality and responsibility and at least 80% are external to the editorial / scientific committees and the publishing institution.

Likewise, their experience and recentness in their academic production is considered, as well as the diversity in their geographical origin and gender. Once the invitation sent by the director-editor has been accepted, the evaluator receives the instructions and a form with qualitative and quantitative criteria that will offer the director-editor an explicit, brief, clear, precise and conclusive report.

 If there is no conflict of interest, the jury will proceed to fill out the form and, at the end of their review, will choose one of the following decisions: accept, accept with changes or reject plus a quantitative weighting on a scale from 1 to 5. The form also has a suggestion space for the reviewer to expand their recommendations.

(T3) Contribution to the Editorial Decision  

Review by external peers is the main tool for the director-editor to decide which articles will be published and rejected. Arbitration is a pedagogical practice - it alerts the author against his own mistakes - and an advisory practice - it alerts the director-editor about poor quality work. The evaluation validates the scientific quality, originality and credibility of the nominated manuscript in order to guarantee that the articles that best fit the journal's objectives are published. This means that it is a central procedure within the scientific method.

In this sense, among the primary duties of the evaluator is to clearly decline the invitation of the director-editor if he does not consider himself qualified in the required subject or if they cannot meet the deadline for the delivery of the concept in a timely manner. Similarly, reviewers are asked to treat the authors and their works as they would like to be treated and, consequently, use academic, clear, courteous and non-offensive language, to ask themselves “would something change in the report if my name were public? Any form of criticism of the person (the author) and not the text is considered inappropriate and unacceptable. At all times the evaluation submitted by the peer must be supported by intellectual arguments and never by personal attacks.

(T3) Standard of Objectivity and Conflict of Interests  

The evaluation must be carried out objectively. For this reason, evaluators must be aware and inform the director-director if there is any interest (competitive relationships or collaboration with the author or links with companies and institutions related to the manuscript) that could bias their evaluation. In the Historia y Sociedad evaluation form, the evaluator is asked to expressly indicate if there is a conflict of interest before carrying out his / her task, according to the ICMJE criteria: "Do you declare the existence of any conflict of interest with the entrusted article? Yes ___ No___ Which? __ Please remember that this is a pre-requisite to ensure scientific publication ethics. According to the ICMJE ‘there is a conflict of interests when the professional evaluation of a primary interest (such as the validity of research results) may be influenced by a secondary interest. Suspicion of conflicts of interest is as important as their real existence '”.

And just so that there are no doubts, the journal provides reviewers with public guidance https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/hisysoc/about#peerReviewProcess on behaviors potentially associated with a conflict of interest. Finally, in the field of objectivity with respect to the evaluator, it is considered that if an author includes in their manuscript any reference to the evaluator works, these should be for academic reasons and not as an agreement to increase the metrics of the reviewers.

(T3) Confidentiality

Manuscripts received by the evaluator must be treated as confidential documents. This means that neither the evaluation nor the information in the text can be shared with third parties, much less with the author, without the permission of the director-editor. The data that an evaluator finds in an unpublished manuscript cannot be used for their personal benefit, much less in their research without the express written authorization of the author. As in Historia y Sociedad it is a doubly anonymous process, any misuse of the information entrusted to the evaluator will have legal consequences. It should also be noted that Historia y Sociedad does not incorporate co-evaluation into its policies, that is, the evaluator's invitation to another colleague or assistant to carry out a collaborative evaluation of the manuscript entrusted by the journal's director-editor. Only the invitation that the director-editor makes directly to each evaluator is considered legitimate and authorized.

(T3) Ethical Shortcomings

It is the duty of the evaluator to alert the director-editor about potential ethical shortcomings identified in the manuscript under review, for example, a significant similarity between its content and others already published. In that case, it is also the responsibility of the evaluator to attach the verbatim quotation and the articles that prove this accusation.

(T2) Author Responsibilities

Authors must create a user through https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/hisysoc/user/register to send their manuscripts to the journal's platform within the dates established in each call. For the entire submission process by authors, Historia y Sociedad publicly provides the editorial standards, editing rules, guidelines, checklists and requirements for submitting articles at the following link https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/hisysoc/about/submissions. In this sense, the author’s first  responsibility is that the submitted manuscript is original and unpublished, that is, that it has not been previously published in any academic or informative medium and that it is not simultaneously in an evaluation process or has editorial commitments with another journal. Likewise, if the authors of an article published in Historia y Sociedad want to include it later in another journal, compilation or book, they must request the authorization of the director-editor and indicate the information of the original publication. Similarly, when the journal is interested in reproducing a previously published article, it undertakes to request authorization from the publisher where it first appeared.

By presenting work to Historia y Sociedad, the authors accept that the manuscripts be submitted to external peers under the double-blind evaluation system and undertake to take into account their observations, as well as those of the journal's editorial team, when reviewing the document. Such modifications must be made within the period indicated by the director- editor (approximately 15 or 20 days).

Failure by the authors to comply with the duties stated previously and below will be sufficient reason to withdraw the manuscript from the evaluation, editing and publication process or to withdraw the article already published.

(T3) Authorship and Contribution

The authors of articles approved after the peer evaluation process and the director-editor's validation must take into account the following conditions to confirm if they have exercised authorship and, therefore, their article can be published. An author is someone who makes a significant intellectual contribution to a scientific article. To recognize authorship, the person must meet the following criteria: have made a substantial contribution to the conception and design of the research; in the acquisition of data and sources; in the construction of the working draft; in the analysis and interpretation of the study; in the writing or revision of the content that involves important intellectual revisions; in the supervision and approval of the final version that is submitted for the first time to the journal; in the confirmation of the manuscript approved for publication; and in the responsibility agreement to ensure that investigations made on the integrity of the work are resolved with precision and according to due process.

In accordance with the foregoing, the responsibilities of the author and co-authors with their own work within the editorial process with Historia y Sociedad include the following actions: participate in the correction, revision and forwarding of the manuscript until it is approved; individually sign before the publishing institution (National University of Colombia) the document "Authorization for publication of works and transfer of economic rights" publicly available on the journal's website in the block "Copyright Transfer Agreement"(https://cienciashumanasyeconomicas.medellin.unal.edu.co/images/politicas_revistas/copyrightenghys.pdf), as it is an essential requirement that the authors must comply with the for the publication of the article since through it they confirm to the publishing institution that the text is of their authorship, that it is original and unpublished and that they respect intellectual property, while they assign their patrimonial rights to the institution (reproduction, communication, transformation and distribution).

Likewise, it is considered that co-authorship generates a collective responsibility for the article and that each individual author has the obligation to take responsibility on behalf of their colleagues for the queries that arise from the public and academics after the publication of the article, both in relation to the ethics of the publication as on the distribution or redistribution of the content or the availability of the sources. This means that it is also the duty of the authors to contribute to the dissemination of the published article, taking advantage of their academic networks, repositories and other personal means of self-archiving.

Regarding the order of authorship, this is a decision left to the discretion of the co-authors. Some groups place the authors in alphabetical order. What is fundamental, and this is requested in the journal’s guidelines for authors https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/hisysoc/about/submissions, is that each author / co-author explain the functions performed by each one in the preparation of the postulated manuscript. To promote transparency in the attribution of authorship, Historia y Sociedad recommends taking as a reference for the description of the roles the taxonomy proposed by CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) https://casrai.org/credit/ among the options you can choose the following: Conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; acquisition of financing; investigation; methodology; project coordination; resources; software; supervision; validation; visualization; writing of the original draft; writing, reviewing and editing.

Another fundamental responsibility of authors is that they should not lie about a person's participation in the research. Only those people who have made a contribution to the conception, design, execution and interpretation of the manuscript may be listed as co-authors. This means that the corresponding author must consolidate the final list of co-authors and guarantee that there are no inappropriate attributions of co-authorship at the time of submitting the manuscript to the journal. Only in exceptional cases may the director-editor be able to add, delete or rearrange authors of a received article and this after receiving the corresponding author's request. If the change occurs, all co-authors must agree to the adjustment. Authorship should not be assigned without the consent of the person. It should be noted that Historia y Sociedad, as it belongs to the humanities area, only accepts a maximum of 3 authors per article.

On the other hand, we must point out that Historia y Sociedad does not consider as co-authors those who participate partially in the text (style correction, translators, support with references), but it does allow their specific contribution to be recognized in the credits section of the article. In addition, there are three types of authorship that the journal considers unacceptable: “ghost” authors - those who contribute substantially but are not recognized (often paid for by commercial promoters) -; “guest” authors - who do not make any discernible contributions but are appointed to increase the chances of publication; and "honorary" authors - who are based solely on a tenuous affiliation with a single study. Therefore, before starting the paper, Historia y Sociedad recommends documenting the role and the way in which the authorship of each researcher will be recognized.

(T3) Originality and Recognition of Sources

The authors of original research must present consistent sources, correctly cited, as well as an objective justification about the significance of their work. For these reasons, the references included in the article must be sufficiently detailed and precise so that the academic community can replicate or refute the results offered by the article. Fraudulent or deliberately inaccurate statements, data or arguments constitute unethical behavior that is unacceptable to Historia y Sociedad. Above all, people’s privacy rights must be respected.

Likewise, the authors are responsible for the ethical suitability and ideas expressed in the manuscripts sent and subsequently published by Historia y Sociedad. In this sense, the authors have to make it explicit that the text has been entirely prepared by them (that it is their authorship) and that they respect and recognize the intellectual property of third parties, that is, when they use the works of other authors, they cite them adequately. Likewise, it is the author's responsibility to obtain and present to the director-editor the respective authorizations to reproduce other types of material that are not their property (tables, graphs, maps, diagrams, illustrations, photographs, etc.).

The reuse of tables or figures requires permission from the author and editor, and must be mentioned appropriately in the legend of the table or figure. It should be noted that the information obtained privately with third parties (conversations, interviews, emails, calls) cannot be used, much less published, without the express authorization of the source. Similarly, the information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as arbitration manuscripts or grant applications, should not be used without the explicit and written permission of the author of the work involved in said services.

(T3) Plagiarism

Plagiarism is one of the most common forms of misconduct in scientific publications and occurs when one of the authors makes data, ideas, words or any other material produced by other people pass as their own without their permission, mention or recognition. Plagiarism is presented in different forms, from the literal copy, without quotation marks, to paraphrasing without the respective reference. The contents liable to be plagiarized not only include formally published contents and text but also illustrations, music, mathematical derivations, computer codes; material downloaded from the internet and E-prints; and gray literature, that is, unpublished, semi-published, “invisible” or “minor” content that is printed but does not have commercial distribution, its location is complex and may have access restrictions such as conferences, presentations, class notes, reports, minutes, theses, catalogs, bulletins, working documents, technical reports, posters, standards, patents, blogs, catalogs, surveys or translations.

Plagiarism has different levels of severity determined by the amount of work copied (multiple lines, paragraphs, pages, the entire article); and the type of plagiarism that was copied (introduction, methods or results). Verbatim copying is only acceptable if you indicate the source and enclose the copied text in quotation marks. Remember that it is essential to acknowledge the work of others (including your advisor's work or your own previous work — avoid self-plagiarism) as part of the process. Authors are advised not to reproduce a work word for word, in whole or in part, without permission and mention of the original source. Authors are encouraged to keep a record of the sources you use when researching and noting where you used them in your article. Paraphrasing is only acceptable if you correctly indicate the source and ensure that you do not change the meaning of the source's intent. Authors must quote and cite all content that they have taken from a previously published source, even if they are saying it in their own words.

(T3) Redundant and Concurrent Publication  

It is the authors’ duty to refrain from sending duplicate or redundant publications to Historia y Sociedad, that is, incurring in self-plagiarism, which is defined as the practice in which part of their own work is published more than once (in the original language or a different one) by the same author, without due reference or justification for this overlap. For this reason, the journal will not admit a duplicate publication unless the director-editor considers it relevant for academic discussion and then obtains the express consent of the original publisher, the place of the original publication is explicitly cited, and it is guaranteed that the sources and interpretations of the first publication will be preserved in their entirety.

Authors have the obligation to verify that their article is based on original research (never previously published). The intentional submission or resubmission of your work for a duplicate publication is considered a violation of editorial ethics. A duplicate or multiple publication occurs when two or more articles, without making reference to each other, share essentially the same hypotheses, data, discussion points and conclusions. This can occur to varying degrees: literal duplication; partial but substantial duplication or even duplication by paraphrasing. One of the main reasons that duplicate publication of original research is considered unethical is that it can lead to “underweighting or inadvertent double counting” of the results of a single study, distorting the available evidence. Articles submitted for publication must be original and must not be in another editorial process. At the time of submission, authors must disclose the details of related articles (also when in another language), similar articles printed and translations.

Even if a submitted article is under review and the evaluation phase is unknown, it is recommended to wait for the editorial concept of the journal before submitting the article to another publication, so as not to incur concurrent publication. The journal advises authors not to submit a previously published article or one that essentially describes the same research to more than one journal. The author should always indicate previous submissions (including meeting presentations and the inclusion of results in records) that could be considered a duplicate publication. Avoid writing about your own research in two or more articles from different angles or on different aspects of the research without mentioning the original article. Creating multiple publications from the same research is considered manipulative. To submit an article to a journal that is published in a different country or language, you must request permission from the original publication.

The exclusivity of the manuscript sent to Historia y Sociedad is a fundamental duty of the author. As such, it should not be under evaluation, edition or in print with another publisher. The only exceptions for an article received and already circulating in other spaces to not be considered a duplicate publication is that it is part of the author's preprint (hosted on his personal website or institutional repositories) or of a thesis. Even so, manuscripts derived from theses must be reworkings that are not literal compared to their original source, because, among other things, they must conform to the norms and writing guidelines of the journal. Additionally, at the time of submission, the author must indicate to the director-editor in the source data that the manuscript is derived from said thesis. Likewise, the author must ensure that any material or text reproduced in the new manuscript includes its respective citation, in order to avoid self-plagiarism. In case the thesis has been published, the author must also obtain permission for reproduction from their publisher before submitting the manuscript.

(T3) Fraudulent Research  

Scientific publication fraud refers to the presentation of false data or conclusions that were not generated through a rigorous research process. These are the following types of fraud: First, the manufacture of data, which consists of inventing data and research results and then communicating them; and second, the falsification of data, which involves manipulating research materials, images, data, equipment or processes. Falsification includes the modification or omission of data or results in such a way that the research is not accurately represented. A person could falsify data to fit the desired end result of a study.

Before submitting an article, the journal requires authors to carefully read the journal's editorial and data policies. In accordance, it is the authors' duty to avoid intentionally modifying, changing or omitting data. This includes research materials, processes, equipment, tables, citations, and bibliographic references. Both fabrication and falsification of data are serious forms of misconduct because both result in scientific publications that do not accurately reflect the observed truth. The author must make an adequate management of the data that support the investigation, taking special care in the collection, production, conservation, analysis and communication of the data. That is why it is his responsibility to keep meticulous records of the raw data, which should be accessible in case an editor requests it even after the article is published.

(T3) Image Integrity  

Regarding the intervention of images, the magazine does not allow the author to increase, move, remove or introduce external characteristics to the original image. On the other hand, the magazine does allow slight adjustments of brightness, contrast or balance aimed at improving its visibility. Any manipulation that alters, obscures and nullifies the original results constitutes a bad practice and is prohibited, since the information originally presented may incur falsification, fabrication and misrepresentation of the results. In any case, the author must follow the magazine's policy for images, especially with regard to submitting the permissions and conditions under which the source or repository authorizes their reproduction. Failure by the author to comply with any of these conditions will lead to the rejection of the manuscript.

(T3) Handling of Fraudulent Practices

Plagiarism, falsification, fraud and manipulation of graphic textual information in all its forms constitute unethical conduct and are not accepted by Historia y Sociedad. For this reason, authors are advised that the journal reserves the right to verify all submissions through computerized plagiarism control tools. In this case, to protect its own intellectual property and that of third parties and to avoid or correct bad practices in scientific publication (plagiarism, self-plagiarism, falsification, fabrication, fragmentation and conflict of interest), the journal uses the Turnitin program to verify similarity of contents, in order to identify the presence of serious infringements of intellectual property (inadequate, altered or non-existent citation).

Likewise, it requests the authors to sign the document "Authorization for publication of works and transfer of economic rights" in which they certify the originality of the manuscript and that it is not simultaneously in another evaluation process. In the event that a manuscript has partial or total suspicion of plagiarism (improper citation), self-plagiarism (duplication of data in previous publications) or fraud, it will be rejected immediately, and the authors will be notified with due justification. Likewise, the journal invites its public (readers) and reviewers to send their suspicions of plagiarism, fraud, duplicate or concurrent articles identified in any phase of the editorial process via email to revhisys_med@unal.edu.co

(T3) Access to Research Data and Evidence

The journal is committed to the transparency and traceability of the data that support an investigation, either to understand, verify or replicate in future works by other scientists. For this reason, Historia y Sociedad recommends that authors prepare a repository of their investigative process and describe in the publication where their sources, codes and supplementary materials can be found. On the journal's OJS site, the author has the option of storing these complementary files in parallel, which could eventually be required by the director-editor or by the readers of the article.

(T3) Institutional Affiliation  

Authors must guarantee that the affiliations associated with the article represent the institution where the research presented was carried out, supported or approved. Likewise, they ensure that their own affiliations represent the institution to which they are linked. Any inconsistency or fraud about these data will lead to the withdrawal of the manuscript from the evaluation process or of the published article.

(T3) Conflict of Interests and Financing  

For Historia y Sociedad, the impartiality of its publications and that they are free from undue influence is essential. Conflicts of interest arise when there is a divergence between a person's private interest (financial, moral, contractual or personal) and his function within a scientific process. This means that certain personal or corporate relationships of the author could give them advantages in reception, review or publishing of their manuscript. For example, that the evaluators or editors are their bosses, that there are commercial obligations, payment of fees, paid testimonies, patent registration or subsidies between the parties involved. For these reasons, the journal asks the authors that, when submitting their manuscript, they explicitly state any potential conflict of interest that interferes with the objectivity and integrity of the editorial process. Due to the above, Historia y Sociedad provides the authors with a guide on behaviors that could generate bias: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/hisysoc/about#custom-1.

Additionally, the journal also requires the authors to declare the sponsors, sources and institutions that finance the research and indicate whether or not they participated in the design, analysis, writing or approval of the manuscript. If your intervention is only restricted to the delivery of resources, it must also be indicated in the explanatory note. Regardless of whether the benefit exists or not, the journal thus ensures that financial or personal relationships are revealed that could be seen by outside observers as potential research biases.

(T3) Publication Errors   

When an author finds a significant error or inaccuracy in their already published article, it is their obligation to immediately notify the director-editor of the journal and actively cooperate in the retraction or correction process, as appropriate. Similarly, if the identification of the error is made by a third party, the author also has to cooperate with the investigation and provide the evidence and actions required by the director-editor to resolve the case.

(T1) References

Cambridge University Press. Publishing Ethics: Academic Research. Version 4.0,  septiembre de 2021.

COPE Council. COPE Flowcharts and infographics - Full set - English.
https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.2.26 Version 2: marzo de 2021. https://publicationethics.org/files/cope-publication-ethics-flowcharts-full-set.pdf

Elsevier. Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication. Versión 2.0, mayo de 2017. https://www.elsevier.com/publishing-ethics

Conflict of interest

Transparency and objectivity are essential in scientific research and the peer review process.

When an investigator, author, editor, or reviewer has a financial/personal interest or belief that could  affect his/her objectivity, or inappropriately influence his/her actions, a potential conflict of interest exists.

Such relationships are also known as dual commitments, competing interests, or competing loyalties.1,2

The most obvious conflicts of interest are financial relationships such as:

Direct: employment, stock ownership, grants, patents.

Indirect: honoraria, consultancies to sponsoring organizations, mutual fund ownership, paid expert testimony. 2

Undeclared financial conflicts may seriously undermine the credibility of the journal, the authors, and the science itself.2 An example might be an investigator who owns stock in a pharmaceutical company that is commissioning the research.

Conflicts can also exist as a result of personal relationships, academic competition, and intellectual passion.2 An example might be a researcher who has:

A relative who works at the company whose product the researcher is evaluating.

A self-serving stake in the research results (e.g. potential promotion/career advancement based on outcomes).

Personal beliefs that are in direct conflict with the topic he/she is researching.

Not all relationships represent a true conflict of interest–conflicts can be potential or actual.1,2 Some considerations that should be taken into  account include: whether the person's association with the organization interferes with their ability to carry out the research or paper without bias;  and whether the relationship, when later revealed, make a reasonable reader feel deceived or misled.3

Full disclosure about a relationship that could constitute a conflict–even if the person doesn't believe it affects their judgment–should be reported  to the institution's ethics group and to the journal editor to which a paper is submitted. All publishers require disclosure in the form of a cover  letter and/or footnote in the manuscript.

A journal may use disclosures as a basis for editorial decisions and may publish them if they are believed to be important to readers in judging the manuscript. Likewise, the journal may decide not to publish on the basis of the declared conflict.

According to the U.S. Office of Research Integrity, having a conflict of interest is not in itself unethical, and there are some that are unavoidable.1 Full transparency is always the best course of action, and, if in doubt, disclose

Guide to Conflict of Interest and How to Prevent It*

Action	What is it?	Is it unethical?	What should you do?
An undisclosed relationship that may pose a conflict of interest	Neglecting to disclose a relationship with a person or organization that could affect one's objectivity, or   inappropriately influence one’s actions.	Yes. Some relationships do not necessarily present a conflict. Participants in the  peer-review and publication process  must disclose relationships that could  be viewed as potential conflicts of interest.2	When submitting a paper, state explicitly whether potential conflicts do or do not exist.   Indicate this in the manuscript on a conflict-of-interest notification page, with additional detail. If necessary, include a cover letter with the manuscript.   Investigators must disclose potential conflicts to study participants and should state in the manuscript whether they have done so.   Reviewers must also disclose any conflicts that could bias their opinions of the manuscript.2
An undisclosed funding source that may pose a conflict of interest	Neglecting to disclose the role of the study sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.	Yes. Undeclared financial conflicts may  seriously undermine the credibility of  the journal, the authors, and the science itself.2	When submitting a paper, a declaration (with the heading 'Role of the funding source') should be made in a separate section of the text and placed before the References.   Describe the role of the study sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.   Editors may request that authors of a study funded by an agency with a proprietary or financial interest in the outcome sign a statement, such as “I had full access to all of the data in this study and I take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.” 2

*When in doubt, always consult with your professor, advisor, or someone in a position of authority who can guide you to the right course of action.

References

1. Office of Research Integrity U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. A brief overview on Conflict of Interests. Available at: http://ori.hhs.gov/plagiarism-35. Accessed on September 3, 2012.

2. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Ethical Considerations in the Conduct and Reporting of Research: Conflicts of Interest.

Available at: http://www.icmje.org/ethical_4conflicts.html. Accessed on September 2, 2012.

3. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Guidelines on Good Publication Practice. 1999. Available at: http://publicationethics.org/static/1999/1999pdf13.pdf. Accessed on September 6, 2012.

Source: https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/92476/ETHICS_COI02.pdf

 

Plagiarism detection policy

The journal Historia y Sociedad uses two strategies to protect its own and third party intellectual property, that is, to correct malpractice in scientific publishing (plagiarism, self-plagiarism, falsification, authorship, fragmentation and conflict of interests). The first is to require authors to sign the following document: Authorization for publication of works and transfer of economic rights, in which they state that the manuscript is original and that it is not being evaluated by any other publication. The second is to check all contributions using the antiplagiarism and similarity revision tool (Turnitin) to identify serious misconducts regarding intellectual property (inappropriate, altered or non-existing citation). If authors practice plagiarism (inappropriate citation) or self-plagiarism (duplicate data from previous publications), the manuscript will be immediately withdrawn from the evaluation process and authors will be notified, including a justification.

License

Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

You are free to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.

No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Indexing

The journal is located in the following bibliographic citation indices (IBC), indexation systems or bibliographic indices (IB), databases with selection committee (BBCS), directories, catalogs and networks:

Indexation Systems or Bibliographic Indices (IB):

Web of Science: Emerging Sources Citation Index - ESCI. Estados Unidos

Web of Science: SciELO Citation Index. Estados Unidos

National Bibliographic Index (IBN)

Índice Bibliográfico Nacional Publindex (IBN Publindex). Colombia

Databases with Selection Committee (BBCS):

Agencia italiana para la Evaluación de Universidades e Institutos de Investigación (ANVUR). Italia

Citas Latinoamericanas en Ciencias Sociales (CLASE), UAEM. México

Clasificación Integrada de Revistas Científicas (CIRC). España

Difusión de Alertas en la Red (DIALNET), Universidad de Rioja. España

European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences (ERIHPlus). Francia

Fuente Académica Plus, Ebsco. Estados Unidos

Fuente Académica Premier, Ebsco. Estados Unidos

Historical Abstracts, Ebsco. Estados Unidos

International Bibliography of Social Sciences (IBSS), Proquest. Reino Unido

Matriz de Información para el Análisis de Revistas (MIAR). España

PRISMA Database, Proquest. Estados Unidos

Qualis Periódicos, Coordinación de la formación del personal de nivel superior (CAPES). Brasil

Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal (REDALYC). México

Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico del CSIC (REDIB). España

SciELO Colombia, Scientific Electronic Library Online. Colombia

SocINDEX with Full Text, Ebsco. Estados Unidos

Sociology Collection, Proquest. Estados Unidos

Sociology Database, Proquest. Estados Unidos

Sociology Source Ultimate, Ebsco. Estados Unidos

Directories

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Suecia

Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ROAD). Francia

Latindex. México

Catalogs

Actualidad Iberoamericana. CIT. Chile

Centro de Recursos Documentales e Informáticos (CREDI) de la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI). España

LatAm-Studies, Estudios Latinoamericanos

Latindex. México

Portal de Revistas de Ciencias Sociales - Biblioteca CLACSO

Red de Bibliotecas Universitarias (REDBIUN). España

SHERPA RoMEO, Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving. Reino Unido

Academic networks

Academia.edu. Estados Unidos

Google Scholar. Estados Unidos

Mendeley. Elsevier. Países Bajos

LatinREV. Argentina

Estadísticas (Google Analytics - Users) (Visitas)

Self-archiving

Historia y Sociedad allows the self-archiving of articles received in institutional or thematic repositories and on personal web pages, both in the pre-print archive (draft of a work) and post-print (the corrected and peer-reviewed version), up to the final version (layout as it will be published in the magazine).

Rejection rate

2022 (55 %)

2021 (69%)

2020 (65%)

2019 (65%)

2018 (70%)

Exchange and feedback with the public

Allied journals (digital exchange)

Historia y Sociedad at Academia.edu

Historia y Sociedad on Twitter

Faculty of Human and Economic Sciences on Facebook

 

Sponsors

Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Sede Medellín). Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas. Departamento de Historia.

• Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas

 

Journal History

The Historia y Sociedad journal was founded in 1994 by Professor Luis Antonio Restrepo Arango. It is a publication financed and edited by the History Department from the Human and Economic Sciences Department at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Sede Medellín). The goal of the journal is to create a space for the publication of historical research done by national and international researchers, and to promote the circulation of these contents among undergraduate, master, and doctoral students, and among the general public, to contribute to the ongoing academic discussion and to the strengthening of historical knowledge and human sciences. The journal is intended for a scientific public with an extensive academic background and specialized in local, national and global history (of Colombia, Latin America and the world), and in historiographical and theoretical analyses and research in similar disciplines. Original, unpublished results of research, reviews, book reviews and transcriptions are published in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The journal is published semi-annually, in printed and electronic formats, in January and July. Free-access contents are available in PDF and XML formats in the digital version.

The journal runs all manuscripts through a plagiarism and content similarity detection tool. Authors or readers do not have to pay, under any circumstances, any fee for submitting, publishing, or accessing the electronic contents of the journal.

Electronic backup

The preservation of the content of the journal in case it ceases to be published (access to the file) or in any other eventuality is guaranteed through the use of the LOCKSS system (https://www.lockss.org/join-lockss/ networks / global-lockss-network). The following link verifies the use of this application https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/hisysoc/gateway/lockss

Peer Review Guidelines

For the reviewing process, the editorial team of the journal asks for the participation of experts on each specific topic (at least 50% of them with international affiliation). Reviewers agree to submit, before the date established by the editorial team, an academic review using the "Article evaluation" format. The review must be written in an academic, clear and non-offensive language. Additionally, the qualitative and quantitative evaluations must be explicit and conclusive. The use by reviewers of any content prior to its publication is unauthorized and considered against scientific publishing ethics. Reviewers are herein informed that plagiarism or misuse of the reviewed texts is an action with legal consequences.

Evaluation criteria are the following: global quality (contribution to knowledge and relevance for publication in a history journal); methodology (soundness, degree of adaptation to the object of study, and accuracy); sources (solvency and accuracy in their treatment; originality and scope of the references); bibliography (current relevance, scope, and relevance regarding the object of study); argument consistency (coherence between the proposed objectives and the results obtained; quality, clarity and accuracy of the arguments that support the hypotheses and conclusions); formal presentation (quality and clarity in writing; adjustment of the abstract to the IMRD structure), and additional suggestions (comments that expand the feedback on the article). Reviewers report anonymously one of the following decisions: accept; publish with major modifications (substantial changes in introduction, methodology, content, bibliography or conclusions) or reject.