La bioprospección en Brasil y México, ¿un nuevo Dorado?: entre la inestabilidad de las prácticas y la permanencia de las representaciones
Bioprospection in Brazil and Mexico, a new El Dorado?: Between the Instability of Practices and the Permanence of Representations
Keywords:
bioprospección, Brasil, México, diversidad biológica, recursos genéticos (es)Bioprospection, Brazil, Mexico, biological diversity, genetic resources (en)
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Brasil y México, por ser países que cuentan con una biodiversidad excepcional, eran candidatos ideales para la valoración de sus recursos genéticos promovida por la Convención sobre diversidad biológica (CDB). Sin embargo, casi veinte años después de la conferencia de Río, los resultados concretos de esta valoración son decepcionantes, lo que se explica tanto por la lentitud para adoptar normas nacionales que concuerden con la CDB como por las dificultades para controlar prácticas y objetos muy complejos e inestables. Esta constatación lleva a cuestionar la pertinencia misma del marco de la CDB, con las categorías y mecanismos que busca implementar. A pesar de la ineficiencia relativa de este marco y de la aparición de nuevos retos ambientales que aparecen como más importantes, la problemática del acceso a los recursos genéticos y de su valoración por medio de contratos de bioprospección se siguen debatiendo, ya que esto remite a asuntos simbólicos muy sensibles, como la soberanía nacional y la defensa de la diversidad biológica y cultural.
Because of their exceptional biodiversity, Brazil and Mexico seemed to be the ideal candidates for the valorization of their genetic resources, as promoted by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). But almost twenty years after the Rio Conference, the actual results of this valorization are disappointing. It can be explained either by the slowness in adopting domestic laws translating the CBD or by the difficulties in controlling and regulating very complex and unstable practices and objects. This leads to put into question the pertinence of the CDB framework, along with its categories and mechanisms. In spite of the relative obsolescence of this framework and the emergence of new environmental issues, which appear as more important, the question of the access to genetic resources and their exploitation through contracts of bioprospection is still being debated because of the various symbolic issues at stake, such as national sovereignty and the defense of biological and cultural diversity.
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