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Helicobacter pylori Removal through Gravel Filtration in a Water Treatment System of the Municipality of Popayán, Cauca
Remoción de Helicobacter pylori a través de sistemas de tratamiento por filtración en gravas en el municipio de Popayán, Cauca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.100573Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori, gravel filtration, multi-stage filtration technology, rural water supply (en)Helicobacter pylori, filtración en gravas, filtración en múltiples etapas, acueducto rural (es)
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Multi-stage filtration technology (MSFT) is an alternative that reduces the risk of fecal contamination, allowing for reliable water purification in rural water supplies. MSFT is composed of two gravel filtration (GF) stages: one including dynamic gravel filters (DyGF) and up-flow gravel filters (UGF), and a final stage with slow sand filters (SSFs). However, with the purpose of reducing construction costs, this technology is partially implemented, leaving SSFs for a later construction stage and limiting its treatment potential. To evaluate the removal capabilities regarding fecal contamination (especially that by the pathogen H. pylori) of a two-stage GF system, the quality of raw and treated water and the hydraulic parameters of Los Llanos treatment system (municipality of Popayán, Cauca) were monitored for 15 weeks. This system is operated and maintained by the community. The results showed the removal efficiency regarding turbidity to be 16% (p=0,045) and 34% (p=0,030) for the DyGF and the UGF, respectively. The color removed by the DyGF reached 19% (p=0,033), and the UGF reported a value of 30% (p=0,041). The reduction of total coliforms was limited by the system’s operation and maintenance, exhibiting a tendency towards increased concentrations at the outlet. The presence or absence of H. pylori was determined via the PCR molecular technique. A greater presence was evidenced in treated water than in raw one, which may be associated with a limited operation and a low maintenance frequency of the system. The implementation of MSFT, without the complement of SSFs, is not reliable in ensuring quality of water, particularly from a perspective of microbiological control and H. pylori control.
La tecnología de filtración en múltiples etapas (FIME) es una alternativa que reduce el riesgo por contaminación fecal, permitiendo la potabilización del agua de manera confiable en acueductos rurales. La tecnología FiME está compuesta por dos etapas de filtros en grava (FG): una que incluye filtros dinámicos (FGDi) y filtros gruesos ascendentes (FGAC), y una etapa final con filtros lentos en arena (FLA). Sin embargo, con el fin de reducir los costos de construcción, esta tecnología se implementa de manera parcial, dejando los FLA para una etapa posterior de construcción y limitando su potencial de tratamiento. Con el fin de evaluar la capacidad de remoción de la contaminación fecal (especialmente del patógeno H. pylori) en un sistema de FG de dos etapas, se monitoreó durante 15 semanas la calidad del agua cruda y tratada y los parámetros hidráulicos del sistema de tratamiento Los Llanos en el municipio de Popayán, Cauca, el cual es operado y mantenido por la comunidad. Los resultados mostraron que la eficiencia de remoción respecto a la turbiedad es de 16 % (p=0,045) y 34 % (p=0,030) para el FGDi y el FGAC respectivamente. El color removido por el FGDi alcanzó el 19 % (p=0,033), y el FGAC reportó un valor de 30 % (p=0,041). La reducción de los coliformes totales se vio limitada por la operación y mantenimiento del sistema, presentando una tendencia a incrementar su concentración en la salida. La presencia o ausencia del H. pylori se determinó con la técnica molecular PCR. Se evidenció una mayor presencia en agua tratada que en agua cruda, lo cual puede asociarse con una limitada operación y una baja frecuencia de mantenimiento del sistema. La implementación de la tecnología FiME, sin el complemento de FLA, es poco confiable para garantizar la calidad del agua, particularmente desde el punto de vista microbiológico y el control del H. pylori.
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1. Javier Leyton, Javier Fernández, Patricia Acosta, Andrés Quiroga, Francesc Codony. (2024). Reduction of Helicobacter pylori cells in rural water supply using slow sand filtration. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 196(7) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12764-2.
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