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Sorbent biomaterials for cleaning up hydrocarbon spills on soil and bodies of water
Biomateriales sorbentes para la limpieza de derrames de hidrocarburos en suelos y cuerpos de agua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v26n2.14733Keywords:
sorbents, hydrocarbon absorbents and adsorbentes, hydrocarbon spills, spill cleanup (en)sorbentes, absorbentes y adsorbentes de hidrocarburos, derrames de hidrocarburos, limpieza de derrames (es)
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This study was aimed at identifying and evaluating natural organic materials which could be used as sorbents in clean-up operations following hydrocarbons spills on both soils and bodies of water. The sorption capacity of three materials (sugarcane fiber, coco fiber and water Eichornia crassipies was evaluated with three hydrocarbons (35°, 30° and 25°API) and two types of water (distilled and artificial marine water) adopting the ASTM F-726 standard and following the methodology suggested in the “Oil spill sorbents: testing protocol and certification listing programme” Canadian protocol. It was found that the three materials being evaluated had a sorption capacity equal to or greater than that of the commercial material to which they were compared. It was observed that sorption capacity results depended on some variables such as hydrocarbon viscosity, granulometry (particle size in Tyler sieve) and the structure of the material. Sugarcane fiber sorption in water showed the greatest hydrophobicity, different to Eichornia crassipies which is extremely hydrophilic. The materials’ sorption kinetics were determined and modelled with the three hydrocarbons (35°, 30° and 25°API). It was found that the materials became saturated in less than a minute, leading to a rapid alternative for cleaning-up and controlling hydrocarbon spills. Materials were also thermally treated for improving their hydrophobicity and behavior during spills on bodies of water. Sugarcane fiber was the material which presented the best results with the thermal treatment, followed by water Eichornia crassipies. Coco fiber did not present any significant change in its hydrophobicity.
Este estudio está encaminado a identificar y evaluar materiales orgánicos naturales que puedan ser utilizados como sorbentes en las operaciones de limpieza de derrames de hidrocarburos tanto en suelos como en cuerpos de agua. Se evaluó la capacidad de sorción de tres materiales: fibra de caña, fibra de coco y buchón de agua, con tres hidrocarburos: 35, 30 y 25°API, y dos tipos de agua: destilada y marina artificial, adaptando la norma ASTM F-726 y siguiendo la metodología sugerida por el protocolo canadiense “Oil Spill Sorbents: Testing Protocol and Certification Listing Program”.
Se encontró que los tres materiales evaluados tienen una capacidad de sorción igual o superior a un material comercial contra el cual fueron comparados. Se observó que los resultados de la capacidad de sorción dependían de algunas variables como la viscosidad del hidrocarburo, granulometría (tamaño de partícula en malla tyler) y estructura del material. En la sorción de agua, la fibra de caña fue la que mostró la mayor hidrofobicidad, a diferencia del buchón, el cual es bastante hidrofílico. Por otro lado, se determinó y modeló la cinética de sorción de los materiales con los tres hidrocarburos, 35, 30 y 25°API. Se encontró que los materiales alcanzan su saturación en menos de un minuto, lo que permite tener una alternativa rápida para la limpieza y control de derrames de hidrocarburos. Finalmente, se realizó un tratamiento térmico a los materiales con el fin de mejorar su hidrofobicidad y comportamiento en derrames sobre cuerpos de agua. La fibra de caña fue el material que presentó mejores resultados con el tratamiento térmico, seguido por el buchón de agua; la fibra de coco no presentó un cambio significativo en su hidrofobicidad.
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Copyright (c) 2006 Diana Paola Ortíz González, Fabio Andrade Fonseca, Gerardo Rodríguez Niño, Luis Carlos Montenegro Ruiz
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