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Synthesis and characterisation of simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks (SIN) formed by polystyrene and polyurethane obtained from castor oil and cassava starch polyol-suspensions
Síntesis y caracterización de redes poliméricas simultáneamente interpenetradas (SINs) formadas por poliestireno y poliuretano obtenido a partir de poliol-suspensiones de aceite de higuerilla y almidón de yuca
Keywords:
trans-esterified castor oil, cassava starch, polyurethane/ polystyrene SIN (en)aceite de higuerilla transesterificado, almidón de yuca, SIN poliuretano/ poliestireno (es)
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Castor oil was modified by transesteritication with pentaerythritol and cassava starch was subsequently incorporated into this oil (oil modified by incorporating starch is called a polyol-suspension). Polyurethane/polystyrene SINs (simultaneously produced IPNs) were synthesized from them and styrene. Reactants used in the synthesis were MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) as diisocyanate, DVB (divinylbenzene) as crosslinking agent for polystyrene, dibutylamine as redox primer and benzoyl peroxide as styrene polymerisation primer. The variables considered in SIN synthesis were percentage weight ratio used in the modification (1.32%; 2.64% and 5.28%) to increase polyol hydroxyl functionality, starch species incorporated into polyol (Brazilian, Venezuelan and commercial) to vary the amount of amylopectin within the polyol-suspension, diisocyanate/hydroxyl NCO/OH (0.85 and 1) functional groups’ molar ratio and polyurethane/ polystyrene PU/PS weight ratio (70/30 and 80/20). A wide range of materials was obtained and characterised by tensile strength, hardness, chemical attack and Soxhlet extraction. The physical-mechanical properties of the materials produced with polyols (transesterified castor oil) were improved when starch was incorporated into the polyol. Several tests indicated that 24 hours as curing time were not enough, because the SINs showed lower physical-mechanical properties than the homologous polyurethane elastomers did; thus, the curing time had to be increased to 48 hours.
Se llevó a cabo una modificación del aceite de higuerilla mediante transesterificación con pentaeritritol y posteriormente una incorporación de almidón de yuca al aceite modificado, obteniéndose las denominadas poliolsuspensiones. A partir de estos y de estireno, se sintetizaron SIN poliuretano/poliestireno (IPN obtenidos mediante vía simultánea), utilizando metilendifenil di-isocianato (MDI) para formar la red de poliuretano, divinilbenceno (DVB) como agente entrecruzante del poliestireno, dibutilamina como iniciador redox y peróxido de benzoilo como iniciador de la polimerización del estireno. Las variables consideradas en la síntesis de los SIN fueron: relación másica porcentual pentaeritritol/aceite empleada en la modificación (1 ,32%; 2,64% y 5,28%), con el fin de variar la funcionalidad hidroxílica del poliol; especie de almidón incorporado al poliol (brasilero, venezolano y comercial}, con el objeto de variar el contenido de amilopectina en la poliol-suspensión; relación molar de los grupos funcionales diisocianato/hidroxilo NCO/OH (0.85 y 1) y relación másica poliuretano/poliestireno PU/PS (70/30 y 80/20). Se obtuvo una amplia gama de materiales, caracterizadas con pruebas de resistencia a la tensión, dureza, ataque químico y extracción Soxhlet; las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los materiales producidos a partir de los polioles (aceite de higuerilla modificado) se incrementaron con la incorporación del almidón a estos. Respecto al tiempo de curado, se observó en diferentes pruebas realizadas que 24 horas son insuficientes, dado que los SIN mostraron propiedades fisico-mecánicas inferiores a los elastómeros de poliuretano homólogos, siendo por tanto necesario aumentar el tiempo de curado a 48 horas.
References
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Copyright (c) 2007 Juan Manuel Cabrera Anaya, Kelly Johanna Navas Gómez, Jorge Enrique Pulido Flórez, Manuel Fernando Valero Valdivieso
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