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Hydrodynamic ecohydraulic habitat assessment aimed at conserving and restoring fluvial hydrosystems
Evaluación hidrodinámica del hábitat ecohidráulico dirigida a la conservación y restauración de hidrosistemas fluviales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v28n2.14899Keywords:
ecohydraulics, aquatic habitat, 2D/3D model, hydrodynamics (en)ecohidráulica, hábitat acuático, modelos 2D/3D, hidrodinámica (es)
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Fluvial conservation and restoration measures’ efficiency was evaluated in terms of ecological state enhancement, comparing future scenarios with historical or altered conditions. Ecohydraulics provides valuable scientific tools for the environmental diagnosis of lotic ecosystems, evaluating the combined effect of flow regime and channel structure on habitat quality for aquatic biota. This paper adopts an analytic-synthetic approach to the interdisciplinary challenge of fluvial ecohydraulics for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) within the framework of ecosystem water management. The procedure for multidimensional (2D/3D) evaluation of the physical aquatic habitat is described as well as its predictive ability and main applications. The 2D depth-averaged scheme is highlighted whose velocity simulation error (being normally lower than 10%) overcomes classic one-dimensional (1D) simplifications. The basic aspects of biological habitat modelling, abiotic variables and biological preference are summarised. Combining eco logical criteria with hydrodynamic flow patterns is illustrated for producing discrete habitat fields which were then spatially and temporarily integrated in ecohydraulic analysis.
La eficacia de las medidas de conservación y restauración fluvial es evaluada en términos de la mejora del estado ecológico, comparando los escenarios futuros con las condiciones históricas o alteradas. La ecohidráulica ofrece herramientas científicas valiosas para diagnosticar ambientalmente los ecosistemas lóticos, evaluando el efecto combinado del régimen de caudales y la estructura del cauce en la calidad del hábitat acuático. Este trabajo aborda de modo analítico-sintético el desafío interdisciplinar que supone la ecohidráulica fluvial para la dinámica computacional de fluidos (DCF), en el contexto de la gestión hídrica ecosistémica. Se describe el procedimiento de evaluación multidimensional (2D/3D) del hábitat acuático, su capacidad predictiva y las aplicaciones principales. El modelamiento hidrodinámico es revisado en cuanto al esquema de caracterización fluvial y las formulaciones físicas. Se destaca el esquema 2D integrado en profundidad (depth-averaged), cuyo error predictivo de velocidad, normalmente inferior al 10%, supera las simplificaciones clásicas unidimensionales (1D). Se resumen los aspectos básicos de los modelos biológicos de hábitat, como son las variables abióticas y la preferencia biológica. Finalmente, se ilustra la combinación de los criterios ecológicos con los patrones hidrodinámicos de flujo, para generar los campos de hábitat discretizados que se integran espacial y temporalmente en los análisis ecohidráulicos.
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Copyright (c) 2008 Juan Manuel Diez Hernández
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