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Evaluating the effect of temperature on biodiesel production from castor oil
Evaluación del efecto de la temperatura en la producción de biodiesel con aceite de higuerilla
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n2.15733Keywords:
castor oil, biodiesel, transesterification, alkaline catalysis (en)aceite de higuerilla, biodiesel, transesterificación, catálisis básica (es)
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Problems arising between biofuels and food as raw materials have led to investigating the use of inedible raw materials for their production. This work was aimed at studying the effect of temperature on converting castor oil in biodiesel production. Oil transesterification with methanol was carried out using an alkaline catalyst (0.5% NaOH - water solution) for 1 hour using a 6:1 alcohol/oil molar ratio, at atmospheric pressure and taking temperature as a free variable. The temperature was evaluated at 68°F, 86°F, 104°F and 122°F. The reaction products were analysed by gas chromatography (CG-FID) for quantifying the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) present. The results showed different dispersion depending on temperature, finding that 122°F resulted in less dispersion than the others. CG-FID analysis showed that most FAME content was reached at 122°F, such temperature giving the highest ricinoleic acid conversion rate. Gas chromatography also revealed that reaction time was adequate, in process conditions, for obtaining ricinoleic acid-based 94.26% conversion.
Los conflictos entre los biocombustibles y el uso de alimentos como materias primas han abierto la posibilidad de investigar el uso de materias primas no comestibles para su producción. Este trabajo busca estudiar el efecto que tiene la temperatura sobre la conversión en la producción de biodiesel usando aceite de higuerilla. La transesterificación del aceite con metanol se realiza vía catálisis básica (0,5 % de NaOH) en un tiempo de 1 hora, usando una relación molar 6:1 de alcohol/aceite, bajo presión atmosférica, y dejando como variable libre la temperatura, a la cual se le asignaron los valores de 20, 30, 40 y 50 °C, llevando a cabo una réplica para cada valor. Los productos de reacción se analizaron mediante cromatografía de gases (CG-FID) para cuantificar la presencia de FAME (metil ésteres de ácidos grasos). Los resultados presentaron dispersiones diferentes dependiendo de la temperatura, encontrando la menor dispersión con el biodiesel obtenido a 50 °C. El análisis por cromatografía de gases demuestra que el contenido de FAME de mayor proporción se alcanza en las muestras de 50 °C, temperatura a la cual fue mayor la conversión del ácido ricinoleico (el de mayor presencia en el aceite de Higuerilla). La cromatografía también revela que el tiempo de reacción es el adecuado, a las condiciones de proceso establecidas, para lograr una conversión del 94,26% basada en el ácido ricinoleico.
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Copyright (c) 2010 Carlos Alberto Guerrero Fajardo, Iván David Osorio León, Fabio Emiro Sierra Vargas
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