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Chemical composition and mass closure for airborne particulate matter in Bogotá
Composición química y reconstrucción másica del material particulado suspendido en el aire de Bogotá
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n2.15741Keywords:
particulate matter, PM10, mass closure, ionic balance, Bogotá, chemical composition (en)material particulado, PM10, reconstrucción másica, análisis iónico, Bogotá (es)
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Particulate matter, measured as PM10, is the most concerning airborne pollutant in Bogotá. Determining its chemical composition is important for understanding its potential effects and to estimate various sources' contribution to such pollution. This paper gives the results of characterising the ionic species, carbonaceous material, metals and crustal elements present in airborne PM10 in Bogotá. An ion charge balance and mass reconstruction were done for determining consistency between chemical characterisation and gravimetric PM10. The composition was different in each area; however, the fractions contributing most to PM10 were crustal, 37% to 42% was related to fugitive and suspended dust, 12% to 11% was related to carbonaceous fractions, 43% to elemental carbon, 34% for organic matter and 5% to 8% for ionic fractions.
El material particulado, medido como PM10, es el contaminante que más afecta la calidad del aire en Bogotá. Conocer la composición del material particulado es crucial para entender cuáles son las fracciones químicas que más aportan a ese contaminante e identificar posibles fuentes generadoras de él. En este artículo se presenta el resultado de la caracterización de especies iónicas, fracciones carbonáceas, metales y elementos minerales del material particulado en dos puntos de Bogotá. Con base en los resultados de caracterización se realiza un análisis de neutralidad iónica y reconstrucción másica para comparar la consistencia de los resultados obtenidos. La composición es diferente para cada sector, pero en general las fracciones que más aportan al material particulado son la geológica (asociada a polvo fugitivo y resuspendido), entre el 37 y 42%; las fracciones carbonáceas, que son las que más aportan, entre un 12 y 11% para el carbono elemental y un 43 y 34% para materia orgánica; la fracción iónica se encontró entre un 5 y 8%.
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