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Spatial variability of infiltration and its relationship to some physical properties
Variabilidad espacial de la infiltración y su relación con algunas propiedades físicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n2.15742Keywords:
geoestatistics, semivarigram, kriging, porosity (en)geoestadística, semivariograma, kriging, porosidad (es)
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Water infiltration into soil is one of the basic factors for estimating irrigation intensity according to the plants' requirements; this is aimed at avoiding problems of surface run-off and degradation. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the spatial variation of infiltration and its relationship to some physical properties of soil by means of geostatistical techniques in Typic Plinthaquult soils having average texture and flat relief. A 113-point mesh was designed, having a regular distance of 10 m between points, samples being taken from 0 to 0.20 meters depth. Sand, silt and clay content, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity were determined. Infiltration tests were carried out in the field by means of a 15 cm diameter ring. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used for analysing the data. Infiltration, silt and microporosity data did not fit a normal distribution curve. Infiltration had high variability, having an average 36.03 mm h-1. Total porosity was 56.73%, this being the only property that did not show spatial dependency. The smallest ranges were observed for bulk density, macroporosity and microporosity, having values of less than 40 m. The smallest degrees of spatial dependence were observed for infiltration, silt and clay, evidence also being shown of the influence of silt and clay on infiltration rate. Contour maps were constructed; fitting them to the semivariogram models, together with studying the correlations, led to establishing relationships between the properties.
La infiltración del agua en el suelo es uno de los factores básicos para estimar la intensidad de riego de acuerdo a los requerimientos de las plantas, para evitar problemas de escorrentía superficial y de degradación. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de determinar la variabilidad espacial de la infiltración y su relación con algunas propiedades físicas del suelo, mediante técnicas geoestadísticas, en un Typic Plinthaquults de textura media y relieve plano. Se diseñó una malla de 113 puntos, con distancia regular entre puntos de 10 m, tomando muestras entre 0-0,20 m de profundidad. Se determinaron contenidos de arena, limo y arcilla, densidad aparente, macroporosidad, microporosidad y porosidad total. La infiltración fue realizada en campo mediante anillo de 15 cm de diámetro. Los datos se analizaron por medio de estadística descriptiva y geoestadística. La infiltración, el limo y la microporosidad no se aproximaron a la distribución normal. La infiltración presentó alta variabilidad, con una media de 36,03 mm h-1. La porosidad total fue de 56,73%, siendo la única propiedad que no presentó dependencia espacial. Lo menores rangos se observaron para la densidad aparente, macroporosidad y microporosidad, con valores inferiores a 40 m. Los menores grados de dependencia espacial fueron apreciados en la infiltración, limo y arcilla, evidenciándose también la influencia del limo y la arcilla en la tasa de infiltración. Los mapas de contorno elaborados, cuando éstos se ajustan a modelos de semivariogramas, junto al estudio de las correlaciones, permite establecer relaciones entre las propiedades.
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