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Synthesising unsaturated fatty alcohols from fatty methyl esters using catalysts based on ruthenium and tin supported on alumina
Síntesis de alcoholes grasos insaturados a partir de metilésteres grasos usando catalizadores a base de rutenio y estaño soportados sobre alúmina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v31n1.20528Keywords:
fatty alcohol, hydrogenation, methyl ester, palm oil, heterogeneous catalysis. (en)alcoholes grasos, hidrogenación, metilésteres, aceite de palma, catálisis heterogénea. (es)
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Most promising catalysts for synthesising unsaturated fatty alcohols are based on group 8 metals with a promoter like tin, because the process can be carried out in moderate conditions, and these metals are less toxic than chromium. There have been no reports about the use of this catalyst to date using raw materials like methyl ester blends or evaluation reusing catalysts. This paper presents the hydrogenation of methyl esters from palm oil and commercial methyl oleate with Ru-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by impregnation, at moderate pressure and temperature (5 MPa and 270°C). Greater selectivity to unsaturated alcohol and the less selectivity to methyl stearate was found for an optimal Sn:Ru=2 ratio. Hydrogenation of palm oil methyl esters with this catalyst produced a mixture of oleyl alcohol, saturated alcohols having 16-18 carbon atoms and heavy esters. Raw material had no great effect on catalyst activity. However, the catalyst showed deactivation through several uses due to decreased catalytic area.
Los sistemas más promisorios para la síntesis de alcoholes grasos mediante hidrogenación catalítica son los basados en metales del grupo VIII con un promotor como el estaño, debido a que permiten realizar el proceso bajo condiciones moderadas, además que son menos tóxicos que los basados en cromo. A la fecha no se han realizado estudios de estos catalizadores con materias primas como mezclas de metil-ésteres o evaluaciones de la reutilización de ellos. En este artículo se estudia la hidrogenación de metilésteres derivados del aceite de palma y de metiloleato comercial con catalizadores de Ru-Sn/Al2O3 preparados por impregnación, a presión y temperatura moderadas (5 Mpa y 270 °C). Se encuentra que para una relación óptima Sn/Ru = 2 se obtiene mayor selectividad hacia el alcohol insaturado y menos hacia metilestearato. La hidrogenación de metilésteres del aceite de palma con este catalizador da lugar a una mezcla de alcoholes insaturados y de saturados de 16 y 18 carbonos, además de ésteres pesados. El tipo de materia prima no tiene un efecto muy significativo sobre la actividad del catalizador; sin embargo, éste presenta desactivación a lo largo de varios ensayos debido a la pérdida de área catalítica.
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Copyright (c) 2011 David Alexander Echeverri, Luis Alberto Rios, Juan Miguel Marín
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