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Evaluating drag force and geometric optimisation of pipeline inspection gadget (PIG) body with bypass
Evaluación de la fuerza de arrastre y optimización geométrica del cuerpo de un PIG con baipás
Keywords:
CFD, fluid structure interaction, optimisation, PIG, pipeline. (en)CFD interacción fluido-estructura, optimización, PIG, oleoductos. (es)
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A pipeline inspection gadget (PIG) is a device used to run through pipelines for cleaning, measurement and inspection operations. By-pass is the name for one or a set of orifices allowing flow from back to front of a PIG. It is used for speed control or to improve cleaning operations results. By-pass prevents speed excursions in gas pipelines thereby avoiding damage to the PIG or the pipe. Studies and algorithms have been developed to simulate the dynamics of PIGs running inside pipes. Most studies have been for gas pipelines; these have helped to design some PIG models. This work summarises a particular stage during a PIG design project. This PIG will work in liquid pipelines and can stop in the line for inspection and maintenance tasks. Studying fluid force on a PIG when it has low or zero speed is needed for evaluating project feasibility and conceptual design. Selecting a PIG form to minimise the force of interaction with fluid allows a low weight design and lower energy loss.
Un PIG es un dispositivo o vehículo que se desplaza entre ductos, siendo utilizado en operaciones de limpieza, medición e inspección, principalmente aplicado en oleoductos y gasoductos. Baipás es el nombre de uno o varios orificios que permiten el paso de fluido de atrás hacia adelante del PIG. Es utilizado para controlar la velocidad o para mejorar el resultado de las operaciones de limpieza. En gasoductos el baipás controla las variaciones bruscas de velocidad, evitando daños en el PIG o el ducto. Estudios y algoritmos han sido desarrollados para simular la dinámica de los PIG y su paso por los ductos. La mayoría de estos estudios son sobre ductos con gas y han servido para el diseño de algunos modelos de PIG. Este trabajo describe parte del diseño de un PIG que trabaja con líquidos, capaz de realizar tareas de inspección o mantenimiento dentro del ducto. El estudio de la fuerza que ejerce el fluido en el PIG cuando tiene baja o nula velocidad es necesario para evaluar la viabilidad del proyecto y la concepción del diseño. Al mismo tiempo, definir una forma geométrica del PIG que minimice la fuerza de interacción con el fluido permite diseñar un PIG más liviano y que cause menores pérdidas de energía.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2011 Ricardo Ramírez, Max Dutra
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