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An overview of approaches for modelling uncertainty in harmonic load-flow
Revisión general de las metodologías para el modelado de las incertidumbres en el cálculo del flujo de cargas armónicas
Keywords:
fuzzy set, harmonic distortion, power system harmonics, probability, statistical analysis, uncertainty (en)Conjuntos difusos, distorsión armónica, armónicos en sistemas de potencia, probabilidad, análisis estadísticos, incertidumbre (es)
Harmonic distortion is a growing problem in all power systems (PS) around the world due to the increasing use of electronic power devices and nonlinear loads (NLL). Several methods have been developed for the computational analysis of PS harmonic load-flow (HLF). These approaches allow harmonic distortion to be estimated at each PS bus when NLLs (the harmonic sources) are distributed throughout a whole network. Some widely accepted deterministic formulations are used in HLF analysis; however, harmonic distortion in PS is a time-varying phenomenon because both linear loads (LL) and NLLs change non-predictably all the time. Moreover, network configuration also varies and such considerations make HLF calculation a mathematical problem which must be able to model the uncertainty associated with input data. Some approaches based on probability theory and others using fuzzy sets and possibility theories have been proposed for modeling such uncertainty. This paper was thus aimed at providing an overview regarding these approaches. The main HLF formulations within probabilistic and possibilistic frameworks have thus been introduced and some numerical comparisons have been made to clarify some concepts raised.
Debido a la creciente utilización de dispositivos basados en electrónica de potencia y de otras cargas de características no lineales, es que la distorsión armónica en las señales de tensión y de corriente es un problema que va en aumento en todos los sistemas de suministro de energía eléctrica en el mundo. En este contexto, varios métodos han sido desarrollados para el cálculo y análisis computacional del flujo de cargas armónicas en las redes eléctricas. Tales métodos permiten estimar la distorsión armónica en cada barra del sistema eléctrico cuando las cargas no lineales, que son las fuentes de armónicos, se encuentran distribuidas en toda la red. Entre de los métodos para calcular el flujo de cargas armónicas existen algunas formulaciones deterministas que son bien conocidas y ampliamente aceptadas. Sin embargo, la distorsión armónica en el sistema es variable en el tiempo porque tanto las cargas lineales como las no lineales cambian de una manera no predecible, y además, la configuración de la red eléctrica también varía. Esta última consideración hace que el cálculo del flujo de cargas armónicas sea un problema matemático que debe ser capaz de incluir en el modelado las incertidumbres asociadas a los datos de entrada. Para modelar tales incertidumbres se han propuesto en la literatura algunas metodologías de cálculo basadas en la teoría de la probabilidad, y otras basadas en las teorías de los conjuntos difusos y de la posibilidad. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es el de ofrecer un panorama completo en lo referente a tales metodologías de cálculo. En particular, las principales formulaciones probabilistas y posibilistas serán presentadas. Finalmente, algunas comparaciones numéricas serán desarrolladas en un sistema eléctrico estándar con el propósito de dar claridad a algunos de los conceptos acá desarrollados.
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