Gasification from waste organic materials
Gasificación de materiales orgánicos residuales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v31n3.26374Keywords:
gasification, biomass, fixed bed, syngas, renewable energies (en)gasificación, biomasa, lecho fijo, gas de síntesis, energías renovables (es)
Downloads
This article describes the fixed bed biomass gasifier operation designed and built by the Clean Development Mechanisms and Energy Management research group, the gasifier equipment and the measurement system. The experiment involved agro-industrial residues (biomass such wood chips, coconut shell, cocoa and coffee husk); some temperatures along the bed, its pressure, inlet air flow and the percentage of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the syngas composition were measured. The test results showed that a fuel gas was being obtained which was suitable for use with an internal combustion engine for generating electricity because more carbon monoxide than carbon dioxide was being obtained during several parts of the operation. The gasification experimentation revealed that a gasifier having these characteristics should be ideal for bringing energy to areas where it is hard to obtain it (such as many rural sites in Latin-America) or other places where large amounts of agro-industrial wastes are produced. Temperatures of around 1,000°C were obtained in the combustion zone, generating a syngas having more than 20% carbon monoxide in its composition, thereby leading to obtaining combustible gas.
En este artículo se describe tanto la operación del gasificador de biomasa de lecho fijo, diseñado y construido por el Grupo de Investigación en Mecanismos de Desarrollo Limpio y Gestión Energética, como el equipo en sí y su sistema de medición. Las experimentaciones desarrolladas se han hecho con diversos desechos agroindustriales (biomasas como madera residual y cáscaras de coco, cacao y café), donde se toman mediciones de temperaturas a lo largo del lecho, su presión, el caudal de aire de entrada y el porcentaje de composición de monóxido y dióxido de carbono en el gas de síntesis producido en el proceso. El resultado de las experiencias ha sido la obtención de un gas combustible adecuado para ser introducido en un motor de combustión interna que posteriormente pueda generar energía eléctrica, ya que en varios puntos de la operación se ha obtenido mayor cantidad de monóxido de carbono que de dióxido de carbono. De la experimentación fue posible observar que un equipo de gasificación de estas características es adecuado para llevar energía a lugares que tienen difícil acceso a ésta (como varios sectores rurales de América Latina) o a sitios que produzcan una cantidad importante de desechos agroindustriales. En el proceso se obtuvieron temperaturas, en la zona de combustión, de alrededor de 1.000 °C, con un gas de síntesis que, en su composición, alcanzó a tener porcentajes superiores al 20% en monóxido de carbono, obteniendo de esta forma un gas combustible.
References
Ahmed, I., Gupta, A.K., Syngas yield during pyrolysis and steam gasification of paper., Journal of Applied Energy, Vol. 86, 2009, pp. 1813-1821.
Comisión Social Consultiva-Universidad de la Republica., Situación Actual., Perspectivas y Alternativas Energéticas para el Uruguay., Informe Final, 2004.
Dogru, M., Howarth C.R., Akay, G., Keskinler, B., Malik, A.A., Gasification of hazelnut shells in a downdraft gasifier., Journal of Energy, Vol. 27, 2002, pp. 415-427.
Dogru, M., Howarth C.R., Akay, G., Keskinler, B., Malik, A.A., Gasification of hazelnut shells in a downdraft gasifier., Journal of Energy, Vol. 27, 2002, pp. 415-427.
Jorapur, R. M., Rajvanshi, A. K., Development of a Sugarcane Leaf Gasifier for Electricity Generation., Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 8, 1995, pp. 91-98.
Lora, E.S., Andrade, R.V., Biomass as energy source in Brazil., Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 13, 2009, pp. 777-788.
Min, T.J., Yoshikawa, K., Murakami K., Distributed gasification and power generation from solid wastes., Journal of Energy, Vol. 30, 2005, pp. 2219-2228.
Sharma, A. K., Experimental study on 75 kWth downdraft (biomass) gasifier system., Journal of Renewable Energy, Vol. 34, 2009, pp. 1726-1733.
Sheth, P.N., Babu, B.V., Experimental studies on producer gas generation from wood waste in a downdraft biomass gasifier., Journal of Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, 2009, pp. 3127-3133.
Sierra, F. E., Guerrero, C. A., Ramírez, S., Procesos de Gasificación de Materiales Orgánicos., Asociación de Ingenieros Mecánicos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 2009.
Sierra, F. E., Klose, W., Producción de Gas combustible a partir de biomasa en un Horno Rotatorio., Revista Ambiental Agua, Aire y Suelo, Vol. 3, 2008.
Sierra, F. E., Zurkatalytischen Vergasung von Biomasse., Universität Kassel, PhD. Disertación, 2006.
Suresh P., Babu, Observations on the current status of biomass gasification., IEA Bioenergy, Marzo de 2005.
Treviño-Coca, M., Tecnología de Gasificación Integrada en Ciclo Combinado GICC., Club Español de Energía. ELCO-GAS S.A., 2008
Zainal, Z.A., Rifau, A., Quadir, G.A., Seetharamu, K.N., Experimental investigation of a downdraft biomass gasifier., Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 23, 2002, pp. 283-289.
Dimensions
PlumX
Article abstract page views
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Santiago Ramírez Rubio, Fabio Emiro Sierra, Carlos Alberto Guerrero

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors or holders of the copyright for each article hereby confer exclusive, limited and free authorization on the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's journal Ingeniería e Investigación concerning the aforementioned article which, once it has been evaluated and approved, will be submitted for publication, in line with the following items:
1. The version which has been corrected according to the evaluators' suggestions will be remitted and it will be made clear whether the aforementioned article is an unedited document regarding which the rights to be authorized are held and total responsibility will be assumed by the authors for the content of the work being submitted to Ingeniería e Investigación, the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and third-parties;
2. The authorization conferred on the journal will come into force from the date on which it is included in the respective volume and issue of Ingeniería e Investigación in the Open Journal Systems and on the journal's main page (https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv), as well as in different databases and indices in which the publication is indexed;
3. The authors authorize the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's journal Ingeniería e Investigación to publish the document in whatever required format (printed, digital, electronic or whatsoever known or yet to be discovered form) and authorize Ingeniería e Investigación to include the work in any indices and/or search engines deemed necessary for promoting its diffusion;
4. The authors accept that such authorization is given free of charge and they, therefore, waive any right to receive remuneration from the publication, distribution, public communication and any use whatsoever referred to in the terms of this authorization.










