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Using fracture mechanics for determining residual stress fields in diverse geometries
Aplicación de la mecánica de la fractura para determinar esfuerzos residuales en diversas geometrías
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v32n3.35935Keywords:
Crack compliance method, residual stress, non-homogeneous loading (en)Método de respuesta de grieta, esfuerzos residuales, cargas no homogéneas (es)
Component deterioration due to a crack is of the highest importance for the engineering community. Fracture mechanics have mainly been used for studying and evaluating crack or defect nucleation and propagation. This article presents a methodology based on inducing a crack (cut) into mechanical components to characterise an induced residual stress field. This research work's originality was aimed at highlighting fracture mechanics' role in detecting possible component destruction by energetic analysis of crack propagation and evaluating service-life to be used as a technique for characterising the effect of prior loading history regarding a given material. The technique presented in this work is known worldwide as the crack compliance method, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics principles developed by Vaidyanathan and Finnie. Three studies are shown (bent beam, pressurised pipe and modified SEN specimen) where components were induced with a residual stress field. The way non-homogeneous loading could introduce a residual stress field is also presented; if residual stress field acting on a specimen has been characterised, then the mechanical process can be manipulated and a beneficial effect induced into the material.
El deterioro de los componentes debido a falla es un fenómeno que ha recibido constante atención por la comunidad ingenieril. Por su parte, el estudio de la nucleación y propagación de grietas o defectos se analizan principalmente según los principios científicos de la mecánica de la fractura. En este artículo se presenta un método de evaluación desarrollado a partir de la inducción de una grieta (corte) en componentes mecánicos para determinar o caracterizar el campo de esfuerzos residuales actuante. La originalidad de este trabajo resalta en la aplicación de la mecánica de la fractura, que es una ciencia dirigida a detectar la posibilidad de destrucción de un componente mediante el análisis energético de propagación de grietas y evaluación de su vida útil, lo que es utilizado como una técnica para caracterizar el efecto ocasionado por la historia de carga previa en un material. La técnica que aquí se presenta es conocida internacionalmente como método de respuesta de grieta (crack compliance method). Dicho método está fundamentado en principios de mecánica de fractura lineal elástica y fue inicialmente desarrollado por Vaidyanathan y Finnie. En este artículo se presentan tres casos de estudio —viga flexionada, tubo presurizado y probeta SEN modificada— en los cuales los especímenes fueron inducidos con campos de esfuerzos residuales. Asimismo, se presenta la manera como la aplicación de cargas no homogéneas introduce un campo de esfuerzos residuales, al conocer la magnitud y características de este campo es posible manipular el proceso mecánico para producir un efecto benéfico en el material.
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Copyright (c) 2012 Guillermo Urriolagiotia Sosa, Guillermo Urriolagiotia Calderón, Beatriz Romero Ángeles, David Torres Franco, Luis Héctor Hernández Gómez, Arafat Molina Ballinas, Christopher René Torres San Miguel, Juan Pablo Campos López
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