Published
Experimentally obtaining on-line FRA in transformers by injecting controlled pulses
Obtención experimental de FRA on-line en transformadores mediante la inyección de pulsos controlados
Keywords:
On-line FRA, on-load FRA, Fourier transform, MRA analysis, filtering, transformer, multi-resolution analysis. (en)FRA en línea, FRA on-load, transformada de Fourier, análisis MRA, filtrado, transformador, análisis multirresolución. (es)
Transformer monitoring based on the operating condition (on-line test) has boomed in recent years because it allows early detection of risk situations or limitations regarding use to make appropriate decisions before a failure occurs. Frequency response analysis (FRA) is one of the most heavily researched techniques for on-line development; it is based on obtaining a transformer's frequency response (admittance, impedance or transfer function) in a given bandwidth. This paper presents an experimental method for obtaining the frequency response with the transformer in service by injecting controlled pulses of the voltage signal using an external electronic circuit. Once the voltage and current signals had been recorded, the wavelet transform was used via multi-resolution analysis (MRA) for filtering. This led to results being obtained without noise interference from the electrical system. The transfer function was obtained in terms of impedance, using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The proposed method represented an alternative in solving some problems arising from the on-line FRA technique such as filtering and results' repeatability. The tests involved a 5-kVA 1150/345 V three-phase transformer and a 3-kVA, 7620/240 V single-phase transformer in the Universidad del Valle's High Voltage Laboratory.
El monitoreo en transformadores basado en la condición de operación (pruebas en línea) ha tenido un gran auge en los últimos años debido a que facilita detectar oportunamente situaciones de riesgo o limitaciones de utilidad que permita tomar decisiones oportunas, antes de que ocurra una falla. Una de las técnicas en la cual se viene investigando con fuerza para el desarrollo en línea es el análisis de la respuesta en frecuencia (FRA), la cual se basa en obtener la respuesta en frecuencia (admitancia, impedancia, o función de transferencia) del transformador en un ancho de banda determinado. El siguiente artículo presenta un método experimental para obtener la respuesta en frecuencia con el transformador en servicio, por medio de la inyección de pulsos controlados sobre la señal de voltaje, usando un circuito electrónico externo. Una vez registradas las señales de voltaje y corriente, se usó la transformada Wavelet mediante el análisis multirresolución (MRA) para el filtrado, lo que permitió obtener resultados sin problemas de ruido del sistema eléctrico; luego se obtuvo la función de transferencia en términos de la impedancia usando la transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT). De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, el método propuesto es una alternativa para dar solución a algunos problemas que se han presentado en la técnica FRA en línea hasta el momento, tales como el filtrado y la repetitividad en los resultados. Las pruebas fueron realizadas sobre un transformador trifásico de 5 kVA, 1150/345 V y un transformador monofásico de 3 kVA, 7620/240 V, en el Laboratorio de Alta tensión de la Universidad del Valle.
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