Published
Development of 3D VGA tools: an application in a case of weak heritage in Valparaiso, Chile
El desarrollo de las herramientas VGA 3D: aplicación en el caso de patrimonio débil en Valparaíso, Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v34n3.43245Keywords:
3D Isovist analysis, visual experience, Valparaiso (en)isovistas 3D, experiencia visual, Valparaiso (es)
In the last ten years, isovist analysis has emerged as a fundamental method for reflecting a person's visual experience in cities and buildings. However, until now, most studies have used a two-dimensional planar perspective, neglecting the three-dimensional nature of vision. This paper presents a method to construct 3D isovists that give a more realistic account of a person's visual experience in hilly urban scenarios where a person can see places that are not directly accessible. The paper aims to contribute to the construction of objective methods to represent the environment in a more ecological way. The method was tested in the city of Valparaiso, a heritage city that spreads across thirty hills forming a natural amphitheater and whose charm comes largely from the visual experience that arises from observing distant parts of the city that are not directly accessible. The results show that three-dimensional isovists are capable of capturing the underlying visual properties of ravines and urban viewpoints in Valparaiso.
En los últimos diez años el análisis de campos visuales, también conocido como análisis de isovistas, ha surgido como una herramienta fundamental para representar la experiencia visual de una persona, al moverse en las ciudades y los edificios. Sin embargo, hasta ahora la mayoría de las aproximaciones ocupan un enfoque en el que los campos visuales son mostrados de forma bi-dimensional, soslayando la naturaleza tri-dimensional de la visión. Este escrito, presenta un método para construir isovistas en tres dimensiones; la idea es dar una visión más realista de la experiencia visual de una persona, en entornos urbanos con abruptos cambios de nivel (como las ciudades construidas en colinas, por ejemplo), donde es posible ver lugares difíciles de alcanzar directamente. El método fue probado en la ciudad de Valparaíso: sitio urbano patrimonial, caracterizado por disponerse sobre treinta cerros que forman un anfiteatro natural y cuyo encanto reside, en buena medida, por la experiencia visual que emana al mirar la ciudad desde los cerros. Los resultados muestran que las isovistas en tres dimensiones, son capaces de capturar las propiedades visuales subyacentes de las quebradas y los miradores.
References
Batty, M. (2001). Exploring isovists fields: space and shape in architectural and urban morphology. Environment and Planning B: Planning and design, 28, 123-150.
Benedikt, M. (1979). To take hold of space: Isovist and isovist fields. Environment and Planning B, 6, 47-65.
Campos, M. B. (1997). All that meets the eye: Overlapping isovists as a tool for understanding preferable location of static people in public squares. In Proceedings of the First International Space Syntax Symposium, London, University College London.
Conroy-Dalton, R. (2001). Spatial navigation in immersive virtual environments. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of London) Retrieved from http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1111/
Conroy-Dalton, R. (2007). Isovist characteristics of stopping behavior. In S. Winter, M. Duckham, L. Kulik & B. Kuipers (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference, COSIT 2007, Melbourne.
Chang, D., & Penn A., (1998). Integrated multilevel circulation in urban areas: the effect of multiple interacting constrains on the use of complex urban areas. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 25, 507-538.
Ervin, S., & Steinitz, C. (2003). Landscape visibility computation: Necessary, but not sufficient. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30,757-766.
Freemam, L. C. (1977). A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry, 40, 35-41.
Gibson, J. (1950). The perception of the visual world. New York: Houghton Miffin Co.
Gibson, J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Houghton Miffin Co.
Gobierno de Chile (2001). Postulación de Valparaíso como Sitio del Patrimonio Mundial, UNESCO. (Retrieved from http://www.monumentos.cl/consejo/606/articles-45668_doc_pdf.pdf)
Gregory, R. L. (1998). Eye and Brain: The psychology of seeing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hillier, B. (1996). Space is the Machine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MacEachren, A. M. (1995). How maps work: Representation, visualization and Design. New York: The Guilford Press.
Marr, D. (1982). Vision: a computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
Milgram, S. (1967). The small world problem. Sociometry, 32(4), 425-443.
Mora, R., Astudillo, H., & Bravo, S. (2014). Looking ahead: A vision-based software for predicting pedestrian movement. Revista Ingeniería e Investigación, 34(1), 79-82.
Calin G., & Roda, V. O. (2007). Real-time disparity map extraction in dual head stereo system. American Applied Research, 27(1), 21-24.
Penn, A., & Turner, A. (2001). Space syntax based agent simulation. Retrieved from http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/2027/
Peponis, J., Conroy-Dalton, R., Wineman, J., & Dalton, N. (2004). Measuring the effects of layout on visitors' spatial behavior in open exhibition settings. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31, 453-473.
Ruskin, J. (1925). The Seven Lamps of Architecture. London: George Allan and Unwin Ltd.
Sabidussi, G. (1996). The centrality index of a graph. Psychometrika, 31, 581-603.
Sánchez-Hernampérez, A. (2004). Paradigmas Conceptuales en Conservación. Madrid: Biblioteca Nacional. Retrieved from http://www.cool.conservation-us.org/byauth/hernampez/canarias.html
Schank, T., & Wagner, D. (2005). Approximating clustering coefficient and transitivity. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications, 9, 265-275.
Tandy, C. R. (1967). The isovist method of landscape survey. In Methods of Landscape Analysis. Oxford Clarendon Press.
The Athens Charter (1931). International Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments. Retrieved from http://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ ressources/charters-and-standards/167-the-athens-charter-for-the-restoration-of-historic-monuments
The Venice Charter (1964). International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites. Retrieved from http://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf
Thompson, E. (2007). Mind in life: biology, phenomenology, and the sciences of Mind. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Taniguchi, T., Takahashi, Y., & Kishimoto, T. (2012). View and Viewed Analysis. In M. Greene, J. Reyes & A. Castro (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Space Syntax Symposium. Santiago de Chile.
Turner, A. (2003). Analyzing the visual dynamics of spatial morphology. Environmental and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30, 657-676.
Turner, A., Doxa, M., O'Sullivan, D., & Penn, A. (2001). From isovists to visibility graphs: a methodology for the analysis of architectural space. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 28, 103-121.
Turner, A., & Penn, A. (2002). Encoding natural movement as an agent-based system: An investigation into human pedestrian behavior in the built environment. Environment and Planning B, 29, 473-490.
Watts, D., & Strogatz, S. (1998). Collective dynamics of "small world" networks. Nature, 4, 409-410.
Wiener, J. M., Franz, G., Rossmanith, N., Reichelt, A., Mallot, H. A. & Bülthoff, H. H. (2007). Isovist analysis captures properties of space relevant for locomotion and experience. Perception, 36(7), 1063-1083.
Dimensions
PlumX
Article abstract page views
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Rodrigo Culagovski, Margarita Greene, Rodrigo Mora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors or holders of the copyright for each article hereby confer exclusive, limited and free authorization on the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's journal Ingeniería e Investigación concerning the aforementioned article which, once it has been evaluated and approved, will be submitted for publication, in line with the following items:
1. The version which has been corrected according to the evaluators' suggestions will be remitted and it will be made clear whether the aforementioned article is an unedited document regarding which the rights to be authorized are held and total responsibility will be assumed by the authors for the content of the work being submitted to Ingeniería e Investigación, the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and third-parties;
2. The authorization conferred on the journal will come into force from the date on which it is included in the respective volume and issue of Ingeniería e Investigación in the Open Journal Systems and on the journal's main page (https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv), as well as in different databases and indices in which the publication is indexed;
3. The authors authorize the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's journal Ingeniería e Investigación to publish the document in whatever required format (printed, digital, electronic or whatsoever known or yet to be discovered form) and authorize Ingeniería e Investigación to include the work in any indices and/or search engines deemed necessary for promoting its diffusion;
4. The authors accept that such authorization is given free of charge and they, therefore, waive any right to receive remuneration from the publication, distribution, public communication and any use whatsoever referred to in the terms of this authorization.
