Published

2016-05-01

Evaluación de lodos de coagulación de agua cruda tratada con Moringa oleífera para uso agrícola

Evaluation of coagulation sludge from raw water treated with Moringa oleifera for agricultural use

Keywords:

Lodos, Moringa oleífera, reuso, suelos agrícolas (es)
Agricultural soil, Moringa oleifera, reuse, sludge (en)

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Authors

  • Jhon Jairo Feria Assistant professor, Universidad de Sucre, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-1546
  • Liliana Polo Corrales Assistant professor, Universidad de Sucre, Colombia.
  • Elvis Hernández Ramos Associate professor, Universidad de Sucre, Colombia.

La coagulación-floculación es el proceso fisicoquímico responsable de la mayor producción de lodos residuales en la potabilización de aguas crudas naturales. Convencionalmente se ha utilizado como coagulante el sulfato de aluminio o alumbre. Sin embargo, la disposición de los lodos que produce ha resultado problemática para el ambiente debido al exceso de aluminio. Actualmente se estudia la conveniencia de utilizar coagulantes naturales como extractos de semilla de Moringa oleífera (MO), aunque se desconocen las propiedades del lodo residual que produce y su posible reutilización. En este trabajo se evaluaron las características físicas, químicas y nutricionales de los lodos de MO, siguiendo métodos estandar, para verificar su posible utilización en suelos agrícolas. El pH, la conductividad eléctrica, la capacidad de intercambio iónico, la materia orgánica y los micronutrientes del lodo de MO resultaron apropiados para ser aplicados en suelos con vocación agrícola; pero la deficiencia de macronutrientes y la presencia de coliformes fecales lo restringe a ser utilizado como mejorador de suelos y no como abono. La estabilización del lodo con cal
hidratada, en dosis iguales o superiores a 3 %, resultó efectiva para garantizar la eliminación de microorganismos patógenos y para la obtención de un biosólido de clase A, sin restricciones para uso agrícola y conveniente para suelos ácidos.

Coagulation-flocculation is a physical-chemical process responsible for producing the largest amount of sludge in the purification of natural raw water. Conventionally, aluminum sulfate or alum has been used as a coagulant. However, disposal of the sludge produced has been problematic for the environment due to excess aluminum. Currently, the convenience of using natural coagulants such as seed extracts from Moringa oleifera (MO) is being studied, although, the properties of sewage sludge produced and its possible reuse are unknown. In this paper the physical-chemical, nutritional and dangerous characteristics from MO sludge were evaluated by using standard methods to verify its potential use in agricultural soils. Results indicated that pH, electrical conductivity, ion exchange capacity, organic matter and micronutrients from sludge were suitable for application to soils with agricultural potential; but deficiency of macronutrients and presence of fecal coliforms limits it to be used as soil improver and not as fertilizer. Sludge stabilization with hydrated lime at doses greater than or equal to 3 % was effective to ensure the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and to obtain a Class A sludge, unrestricted for agricultural use and suitable for acid soils.

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