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Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) water needs calculated from the crop coefficient
Necesidades hídricas de la albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) calculadas con el coeficiente del cultivo
Keywords:
crop coefficient, efficient water management, lysimeter, crop water needs (en)coeficiente del cultivo, manejo del agua, lisímetro, necesidades hídricas de los cultivos (es)
The determination of the crop coefficient (Kc) throughout the phenological stages is important for the calculation of water requirements of plants. This study determined the Kc curve for Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, and evaluated this Kc in greenhouse conditions. Three drainage lysimeters and a portable meteorological station were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), which were set up randomly in an experimental plot. The field capacity (FC) moisture content was determined, and the soil moisture and drainage depth were periodically monitored. Daily water balance calculations were conducted to determine the crop’s water needs (ETc), and the Kc was calculated based on the quotient between ETc and ETo by performing statistical regression analysis. In the second experiment, in a completely randomized bifactorial design, four treatments were established in Cali (Valle). These treatments were amount of water necessary to maintain the soil moisture at FC and amount of water calculated with the Kc (72 % FC), both treatments with and without fertilizers application. The results showed that the Kc values for basil are: growth stage, 0,45 ± 0,02 (25 days after transplant, dat); maturity stage, 0,59 ± 0,02 (26 – 50 dat); and senescence stage, 0,42 ± 0,03 (51 – 71 dat). In greenhouse conditions, dry mass percentage, plant height, soil pH and electrical conductivity were similar for both water regimens. The reduction on water with Kc increased the nitrogen foliar but the water use efficient decreased.
La determinación del coeficiente del cultivo (Kc) de los estados fenológicos es importante para el cálculo de los requerimientos hídricos de las plantas. Este estudio determinó la curva del Kc para la albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) en Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, y evaluó estos Kc en invernadero. Se ubicaron tres lisímetros de drenaje y una estación meteorológica portátil para determinar la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo), en una parcela experimental. Se determinó la humedad as capacidad de campo (CC) y se monitorearon periódicamente tanto la humedad del suelo como el agua de drenaje. Se realizaron balances hídricos diarios para determinar las necesidades de agua del cultivo (ETc) y el Kc se calculó como el cociente entre ETc y ETo por medio de análisis de regresión. En el segundo experimento se establecieron cuatro tratamientos en un diseño completo al azar en Cali (Valle). Los tratamientos consistieron en evaluar la cantidad de agua calculada a partir de CC y a partir del Kc hallado (72 % de CC), ambos tratamientos con y sin fertilización. Los resultados mostraron que los valores de Kc para cada etapa de albahaca fueron: crecimiento, 0,45 ± 0,02 (25 días después del trasplante, ddt); madurez (0,59 ± 0,02 (26 – 50 ddt) y senescencia 0,42 ± 0,03 (51 – 71 ddt). En invernadero, el porcentaje de materia seca, altura de planta, pH del suelo y conductividad eléctrica fueron similares para ambos regímenes de agua. La cantidad de agua calculada con Kc incremento el nitrógeno foliar y decreció la eficiencia del uso del agua.
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